罗马温暖期

罗马温暖期是在公元前250年至公元400年，欧洲与北大西洋不同寻常的一段温暖时期。有很多证据表明这一时期的存在，如古罗马人在不列颠引种了葡萄园^[1]。在安纳托利亚的Sagalassos遗址发现了橄榄油压榨，而现在该地的气候是不适宜喜温的橄榄生长的^[2]。

泰奥弗拉斯托斯（公元前371年– 公元前287年）写道：在希腊枣椰树可以种植，但不能结果。这与现在的当地气候一致。其它一些文献片段也证实古希腊在公元前4世纪的气候与现在相当。在帕提农神庙发现的数目年代学证据表明公元前5世纪的当地气候与现代相若^[3]。意大利的公元前第3世纪末期的树轮表明当时处于一个温和气候，所以汉尼拔的军队可以带着大象翻越阿尔卑斯山^[4]。

"Roman Warm Period"这一说法出现于1995年一份博士论文中^[5]。1999年《自然》的一篇文章使得这一概念流行起来^[6]。

证据

冰川：1986年对阿尔卑斯冰川的研究表明公元100年至公元400年，与其前、其后相比是个非常显著的温暖期。^[7]

深海沉积：1999年基于深海沉积物粒度重建的洋流模式表明，罗马温暖期的峰值出现在公元150年^[6]。

参见

Patterson WP, Dietrich KA, Holmden C, Andrews JT. Two millennia of North Atlantic seasonality and implications for Norse colonies. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. March 2010, 107 (12): 5306–10. PMC 2851789  . PMID 20212157. doi:10.1073/pnas.0902522107.

参考文献

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 Scheidel, Walter; Morris, Ian; Saller, Richard P. The Cambridge Economic History of the Greco-Roman World. Cambridge University Press. 2007: 19. ISBN 0521780535.
Brown AG, Meadows I, Turner SD, Mattingly DJ. Roman vineyards in Britain: stratigraphic and palynological data from Wollaston in the Nene Valley, England. Antiquity. December 2001.
The History Of English Wine Production. English Wine Producers. [2011-09-23]. （原始内容存档于2007-04-02）.
Midlands and North Vineyard Listing. English Wine Producers. [2011-09-23]. （原始内容存档于2011-09-03）.
^ Scheidel, Morris & Saller 2007，第19页
^ Scheidel, Morris & Saller 2007，第17页
^ Scheidel, Morris & Saller 2007，第18页
^ Patterson, William Paul. Stable isotopic record of climatic and environmental change in continental settings (Ph.D.论文). University of Michigan. 1995. OCLC 712737306. The Roman warm period though it has been suggested was responsible in part for advances in civilization, also had a dangerous side.
^ ^6.0 ^6.1 Bianchi GG, McCave IN. Holocene periodicity in North Atlantic climate and deep-ocean flow south of Iceland. Nature. February 1999, 397 (6719): 515–7 [2012-09-22]. doi:10.1038/17362. （原始内容存档于2014-02-19）.
^ Röthlisberger, F. 10,000 Jahre Gletschergeschichte der Erde. Sauerländer. 1986. ISBN 3794127978.

[grapes-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Scheidel, Walter; Morris, Ian; Saller, Richard P. The Cambridge Economic History of the Greco-Roman World. Cambridge University Press. 2007: 19. ISBN 0521780535.
Brown AG, Meadows I, Turner SD, Mattingly DJ. Roman vineyards in Britain: stratigraphic and palynological data from Wollaston in the Nene Valley, England. Antiquity. December 2001.
The History Of English Wine Production. English Wine Producers. [2011-09-23]. （原始内容存档于2007-04-02）.
Midlands and North Vineyard Listing. English Wine Producers. [2011-09-23]. （原始内容存档于2011-09-03）.

[Scheidel19-2] Scheidel, Morris & Saller 2007，第19页

[Scheidel17-3] Scheidel, Morris & Saller 2007，第17页

[Scheidel18-4] Scheidel, Morris & Saller 2007，第18页

[5] Patterson, William Paul. Stable isotopic record of climatic and environmental change in continental settings (Ph.D.论文). University of Michigan. 1995. OCLC 712737306. The Roman warm period though it has been suggested was responsible in part for advances in civilization, also had a dangerous side.

[Bianchi-6] 6.0 ^6.1 Bianchi GG, McCave IN. Holocene periodicity in North Atlantic climate and deep-ocean flow south of Iceland. Nature. February 1999, 397 (6719): 515–7 [2012-09-22]. doi:10.1038/17362. （原始内容存档于2014-02-19）.

[7] Röthlisberger, F. 10,000 Jahre Gletschergeschichte der Erde. Sauerländer. 1986. ISBN 3794127978.

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