解放了的普罗米修斯

解放了的普罗米修斯》(英语:Prometheus Unbound)是珀西·雪莱创作的一部四幕诗剧,1820年首版[1]。它本质上是一部书斋剧,并不是为了在剧院上演而创作的[2]

主人公即希腊神话中因盗天火而遭到宙斯惩罚的普罗米修斯,其灵感来自埃斯库罗斯创作的同名三部剧。和原作一样,普罗米修斯最终都得以脱困,但雪莱的作品中,普罗米修斯并没有和惩罚他的神和解,神的堕落才是他脱困的原因。

创作过程 编辑

 
约瑟夫·塞文在1845年绘制的《雪莱写作解放了的普罗米修斯》(Posthumous Portrait of Shelley Writing Prometheus Unbound)

玛丽·雪莱在1818年9月5日的一份信首次提到珀西·雪莱在创作这部作品[3],而雪莱则在同年10月8日于写给托马斯·拉夫·皮科克的一份信中首次提到了这部作品,说他已经完成了其第一幕的创作。[4]

但是由于雪莱的女儿克拉拉(Clara Everina Shelley)在1818年9月24日去世,雪莱前往意大利散心,期间《解放了的普罗米修斯》可能并没有什么太大的进展[5]。它的完成时间大概是1819年4月,在4月6日写给皮科克的信中,雪莱说:“我的解放了的普罗米修斯刚刚完成,我会在一到两个月内寄过去”[6]。但由于他的儿子威廉·雪莱在1819年6月7日去世,作品的发表日期再次推迟。[5]

1819年9月6日,雪莱写信给查尔斯和詹姆斯·奥利尔说他将把作品寄给他们出版[7]。雪莱托约翰·吉斯伯恩(John Gisborne)将他的作品带回英格兰,但是由于吉斯伯恩行程延误,直到1819年12月出版方才收到《解放了的普罗米修斯》的前三幕[8]。第四幕在此时尚未完成。1819年12月23日,雪莱给吉斯伯恩的信中才说他又写成了额外的一幕。[9]

作品最终在1820年出版,雪莱夫妇则在当年11月收到了出版的《解放了的普罗米修斯》。[10]

参考文献 编辑

  1. ^ Shelley, Percy Bysshe. Prometheus Unbound, A Lyrical Drama in Four Acts with Other Poems 1. London: C and J Ollier. 1820 [21 May 2015]. 
  2. ^ Mulhallen, Jacqueline. "The Theatre of Shelley". Cambridge: Open Book Publishers, 2010, pp. 147–76.
  3. ^ Zillman 1959 p. 3
  4. ^ Shelley 1930 IX . 336
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 Zillman 1959 p. 4
  6. ^ Shelley 1930 X p. 48. "My Prometheus Unbound is just finished, and in a month or two I shall send it"
  7. ^ Shelley 1930 X p. 79
  8. ^ Zillman p. 5
  9. ^ Shelley 1930 X p. 136
  10. ^ Zillman pp. 6–7
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  • Solve, Melvin Theodor. Shelley: His Theory of Poetry. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1927. (Ann Arbor, University Microfilms, 1976).
  • Sperry, Stuart M. "Necessity and the Role of the Hero in Shelley's Prometheus Unbound." PMLA, Vol. 96, No. 2 (March 1981), pp. 242–254.
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外部连接 编辑