费来尼斯
费来尼斯(古希腊语:Φιλαινίς)是古希腊的性爱典籍作者名,相传出身萨摩斯岛。古典时代在她名下的性爱书流传于希腊、罗马世界,对诗人、作家影响颇深(尤其包括情诗作家奥维德[1]、短诗家马提亚尔[2]),然而现代已经散佚,仅存残篇。现代学者多认为这些书籍并非出自一人之手,而是本来流传于民间的性爱书,作者附会费来尼斯之名[3]。
生平
编辑根据俄克喜林库斯纸草记载,费来尼斯的全名是“俄库墨涅斯之女,萨摩斯的费来尼斯”[4];然而阿特纳奥斯则记载她的出身地是琉卡斯岛(今莱夫卡扎)[5]。其母名一说为“古利那”[6]。古代萨摩斯岛以名妓众多闻名[7],因故有学者认为“费来尼斯”一名应是娼妓花名[6];然而亦有意见认为古代没有“费来尼斯是妓女”的说法[3]。
古代关于费来尼斯的生平记载多强调她的风流韵事。基督教父游斯丁、他提安、革利免均批判她“奸淫污秽”,认为她的书籍荼毒少年少女[3],近代作家约翰·多恩等亦以此形象刻画费来尼斯其人[8]。据托名琉善的伪作《爱情篇》(Ἔρωτες)记载,费来尼斯以穿戴阳具带与女性的性爱闻名[9],在马提亚尔的诗中也有费来尼斯的同性性爱记载,乃至描画她以阳具带对少年性交[10]。
引用
编辑- ^ Ostler 2007,第75页.
- ^ Penrose 2016,第64页.
- ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Boehringer 2014.
- ^ 4.0 4.1 P. Oxy. 2891.
- ^ Tsantsanogolou 1973,第191页.
- ^ 6.0 6.1 Plant 2004,第45页.
- ^ Traill 2008,第86页.
- ^ Andreadis 2001,第47页.
- ^ (Pseudo-)Lucian, Amores, 28.
- ^ Martial, 7.67.1.
参考文献
编辑- Andreadis, Harriette, Sappho in Early Modern England: Female Same-Sex Literary Erotics, 1550-1714, Chicago, Illinois: The University of Chicago Press, 2001, ISBN 978-0-226-02009-9
- Boehringer, Sandra, What is Named by the Name "Philaenis"? Gender, function and authority of an antonomastic figure, Masterson, Mark; Nancy Sorkin, Rabinowitz; Robson, James (编), Sex in Antiquity: Exploring Gender and Sexuality in the Ancient World, Rewriting Antiquity, New York City, New York and London, England: Routledge, 2014, ISBN 978-0415519410
- Hallett, Judith P., Ten: Female Homosexualities, Hallett, Judith P.; Skinner, Marilyn B. (编), Roman Sexualities, Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1997, ISBN 978-0-691-01178-3
- McKeown, J. C., A Cabinet of Greek Curiosities: Strange Tales and Surprising Facts from the Cradle of Western Civilization, Oxford, England: Oxford University Press: 40, 2013, ISBN 978-0-19-998210-3
- Montserrat, Dominic, Sex and Society in Græco-Roman Egypt, New York City, New York and London, England: Routledge, 2011 [1963], ISBN 978-0-7103-0530-5
- Ostler, Nicholas, Ad Infinitum: A Biography of Latin, New York City, New York: Walker & Company, 2007, ISBN 978-0-8027-1515-9
- Penrose, Walter Duvall, Postcolonial Amazons: Female Masculinity and Courage in Ancient Greek and Sanskrit Literature, Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, 2016, ISBN 978-0-19-953337-4
- Perrottet, Tony, Pagan Holiday: On the Trail of Ancient Roman Tourists, New York City, New York: Random House Trade Paperbacks, 2002, ISBN 978-0-375-75639-9
- Plant, Ian Michael, Women Writers of Ancient Greece and Rome: An Anthology, University of Oklahoma Press: 45–47, 2004, ISBN 978-0-8061-3622-6
- Traill, Ariana, Women and the Comic Plot in Menander, Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 2008, ISBN 978-0521882262
- Tsantsanoglou, K., The Memoirs of a Lady from Samos, Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 1973, 12: 183–195, JSTOR 20180553
- Vessey, D. W. Thomson, Philaenis, Revue Belge de Philologie et d'Histoire, 1976, 1: 76–82 [2020-07-16], (原始内容存档于2020-07-17)
- West, M. L., Erinna, Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik (Bonn, Germany: Dr. Rudolf Habelt GmbH), 1977, 25: 118