超空穴效应英文:Supercavitation)利用空穴效应制造了含有气体的泡沫膜,而这个泡沫膜大到足以包含物体本身,使其在泡沫膜中行驶减少摩擦力,来达到极高速度。除去移动方向的部分,物体因为不与水接触,基本上不会与水摩擦,因此能在水中超高速前进。目前的应用主要限于自动推进武器(如火箭鱼雷导弹等),但理论上,该技术可以扩展到包括车辆飞机潜艇等载具。[1]

物理原理

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在水中,如果水的压力低于蒸气压时,就会产生空穴。当水流过一个移动金属物件的尖锐转角,被加到较高的速度时,压强会迅速降至低于蒸气压的水平,此时超空蚀效应便会发生。 常见于轮船螺旋桨和泵桨叶的边缘。水越深(水压越高),外界压强和蒸气压的差距越大,流体被加速时就越不容易产生超空蚀现象。

参考资料

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  1. ^ Ashley, S. (2001, May). Warp drive underwater. Scientific American
  • Office of Naval Research (2004, June 14). Mechanics and energy conversion: high-speed (supercavitating) undersea weaponry (D&I). Retrieved April 12, 2006, from http://www.onr.navy.mil/页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  • Savchenko Y. N. (n.d.). CAV 2001 - Forth Annual Symposium on Cavitation - California Institute of Technology Retrieved April 9, 2006, from https://web.archive.org/web/20060215234514/http://cav2001.library.caltech.edu/159/00/Savchenko.pdf
  • Hargrove, J. (2003). Supercavitation and aerospace technology in the development of high-speed underwater vehicles. In 42nd AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. Texas A&M University.
  • Kirschner et al. (2001, October) Supercavitation research and development. Undersea Defense Technologies
  • Ashley, S. (2001, May). Warp drive underwater. Scientific American
  • Miller, D. (1995). Supercavitation: going to war in a bubble. Jane's Intelligence Review. Retrieved Apr 14, 2006, from http://www.janes.com/页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  • Graham-Rowe, & Duncan. (2000). Faster than a speeding bullet. NewScientist, 167(2248), 26-30.
  • Tulin, M. P. (1963). Supercavitating flows - small perturbation theory. Laurel, Md, Hydronautics Inc.


参考书目

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  • Gertz, Bill (August 23, 2001). "Russian book sheds light on missile". Washington Times: p. A.4.
  • Office of Naval Research (2004, June 14). Mechanics and energy conversion: high-speed (supercavitating) undersea weaponry (D&I). Retrieved April 12, 2006, from http://www.onr.navy.mil/页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  • Savchenko Y. N. (n.d.). CAV 2001 - Forth Annual Symposium on Cavitation - California Institute of Technology Retrieved April 9, 2006, from https://web.archive.org/web/20060215234514/http://cav2001.library.caltech.edu/159/00/Savchenko.pdf
  • Hargrove, J. (2003). Supercavitation and aerospace technology in the development of high-speed underwater vehicles. In 42nd AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. Texas A&M University.
  • Kirschner et al. (2001, October) Supercavitation research and development. Undersea Defense Technologies
  • Ashley, S. (2001, May). Warp drive underwater. Scientific American
  • Miller, D. (1995). Supercavitation: going to war in a bubble. Jane's Intelligence Review. Retrieved Apr 14, 2006, from http://www.janes.com/页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  • Graham-Rowe, & Duncan. (2000). Faster than a speeding bullet. NewScientist, 167(2248), 26-30.
  • Tulin, M. P. (1963). Supercavitating flows - small perturbation theory. Laurel, Md, Hydronautics Inc.


外部链接

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