超空穴效應英文:Supercavitation)利用空穴效應製造了含有氣體的泡沫膜,而這個泡沫膜大到足以包含物體本身,使其在泡沫膜中行駛減少摩擦力,來達到極高速度。除去移動方向的部分,物體因為不與水接觸,基本上不會與水摩擦,因此能在水中超高速前進。目前的應用主要限於自動推進武器(如火箭魚雷導彈等),但理論上,該技術可以擴展到包括車輛飛機潛艇等載具。[1]

物理原理

編輯

在水中,如果水的壓力低於蒸氣壓時,就會產生空穴。當水流過一個移動金屬物件的尖銳轉角,被加到較高的速度時,壓強會迅速降至低於蒸氣壓的水平,此時超空蝕效應便會發生。 常見於輪船螺旋槳和泵槳葉的邊緣。水越深(水壓越高),外界壓強和蒸氣壓的差距越大,流體被加速時就越不容易產生超空蝕現象。

參考資料

編輯
  1. ^ Ashley, S. (2001, May). Warp drive underwater. Scientific American
  • Office of Naval Research (2004, June 14). Mechanics and energy conversion: high-speed (supercavitating) undersea weaponry (D&I). Retrieved April 12, 2006, from http://www.onr.navy.mil/頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館
  • Savchenko Y. N. (n.d.). CAV 2001 - Forth Annual Symposium on Cavitation - California Institute of Technology Retrieved April 9, 2006, from https://web.archive.org/web/20060215234514/http://cav2001.library.caltech.edu/159/00/Savchenko.pdf
  • Hargrove, J. (2003). Supercavitation and aerospace technology in the development of high-speed underwater vehicles. In 42nd AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. Texas A&M University.
  • Kirschner et al. (2001, October) Supercavitation research and development. Undersea Defense Technologies
  • Ashley, S. (2001, May). Warp drive underwater. Scientific American
  • Miller, D. (1995). Supercavitation: going to war in a bubble. Jane's Intelligence Review. Retrieved Apr 14, 2006, from http://www.janes.com/頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館
  • Graham-Rowe, & Duncan. (2000). Faster than a speeding bullet. NewScientist, 167(2248), 26-30.
  • Tulin, M. P. (1963). Supercavitating flows - small perturbation theory. Laurel, Md, Hydronautics Inc.


參考書目

編輯
  • Gertz, Bill (August 23, 2001). "Russian book sheds light on missile". Washington Times: p. A.4.
  • Office of Naval Research (2004, June 14). Mechanics and energy conversion: high-speed (supercavitating) undersea weaponry (D&I). Retrieved April 12, 2006, from http://www.onr.navy.mil/頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館
  • Savchenko Y. N. (n.d.). CAV 2001 - Forth Annual Symposium on Cavitation - California Institute of Technology Retrieved April 9, 2006, from https://web.archive.org/web/20060215234514/http://cav2001.library.caltech.edu/159/00/Savchenko.pdf
  • Hargrove, J. (2003). Supercavitation and aerospace technology in the development of high-speed underwater vehicles. In 42nd AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. Texas A&M University.
  • Kirschner et al. (2001, October) Supercavitation research and development. Undersea Defense Technologies
  • Ashley, S. (2001, May). Warp drive underwater. Scientific American
  • Miller, D. (1995). Supercavitation: going to war in a bubble. Jane's Intelligence Review. Retrieved Apr 14, 2006, from http://www.janes.com/頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館
  • Graham-Rowe, & Duncan. (2000). Faster than a speeding bullet. NewScientist, 167(2248), 26-30.
  • Tulin, M. P. (1963). Supercavitating flows - small perturbation theory. Laurel, Md, Hydronautics Inc.


外部連結

編輯