阿拉伯语音系

阿拉伯语音系(Arabic phonology)是阿拉伯语语音系统的描述。虽然许多语言有许多不同的方言,但当代阿拉伯语口语被更恰当地描述为变体的连续体[1]本文主要讨论现代标准阿拉伯语(MSA),这是整个阿拉伯语地区受过教育的人共同使用的标准阿拉伯语变体。现代标准阿拉伯语用于正式印刷媒体的书面形式,以及多种类型的新闻广播、演讲,以及正式声明中的口头形式。[2]

现代标准阿拉伯语语音在大多数的现代方言变体中有28个辅音音位、以及6个元音音位,或者8个或者10个元音。所有音素都在强调英语Emphatic consonant咽化辅音、与非强调辅音之间形成对比。其中一些音素已在各种现代方言中合并,而新的音位则是通过借用,或音位的拆分来引入。"音素的长度质量"适用于辅音、以及元音。[3]

不同阿拉伯方言的音韵 编辑

阿拉伯语辅音的主要方言变体围绕着六个辅音而展开;ج, ق, ث, ذ, ضظ:

字母 古典语音 现代标准语音 方言主要变体 不常见的变化
ث /θ/ /θ/ [θ] [t] [s] [f]
ج /gʲ/ or /ɟ/ /d͡ʒ/ [d͡ʒ] [ʒ] [ɡ] [ɟ] [j] [d͡z] [d]
ذ /ð/ /ð/ [ð] [d] [z] [v]
ض /ɮˤ/ /dˤ/ [] [ðˤ] [] [d]
ظ /ðˤ/ /ðˤ/ [ðˤ] [] []
ق /q/ or /ɡ/ /q/ [q] [ɡ] [ʔ] [ɢ] [k] [d͡ʒ] [d͡z] [ɣ ~ ʁ]

注释 编辑

参考文献 编辑

  • Abd-El-Jawad, Hassan, Cross-Dialectal Variation in Arabic: Competing Prestigious Forms, Language in Society, 1987, 16 (3): 359–367, doi:10.1017/S0047404500012446 
  • Al Ani, S.H., Arabic Phonology: An Acoustical and Physiological Investigation, The Hague: Mouton, 1970 
  • Davis, Stuart, Emphasis Spread in Arabic and Grounded Phonology, Linguistic Inquiry (The MIT Press), 1995, 26 (3): 465–498, JSTOR 4178907 
  • Ferguson, Charles, The Emphatic L in Arabic, Language, 1956, 32 (3): 446–452, JSTOR 410565, doi:10.2307/410565 
  • Gairdner, W.H.T., The Phonetics of Arabic, London: Oxford University Press, 1925 
  • Hans Wehr, (1952) Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart* Holes, Clive, Modern Arabic: Structures, Functions, and Varieties, Georgetown University Press, 2004, ISBN 978-1-58901-022-2 
  • Kästner, H., Phonetik und Phonologie des modernen Hocharabisch, Leipzig: Verlag Enzyklopädie, 1981 
  • Kirchhoff, Katrin; Vergyri, Dimitra, Cross-dialectal data sharing for acoustic modeling in Arabic speech recognition, Speech Communication, 2005, 46 (1): 37–51, doi:10.1016/j.specom.2005.01.004 
  • Ladefoged, Peter; Maddieson, Ian, The Sounds of the World's Languages, Oxford: Blackwell, 1996, ISBN 978-0-631-19815-4 
  • Lipinski, E., Semitic Languages, Leuven: Peters, 1997 
  • McCarthy, John J., The phonetics and phonology of Semitic pharyngeals, Keating, Patricia (编), Papers in laboratory phonology III: phonological structure and phonetic form, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press: 191–233, 1994 [2021-09-22], (原始内容存档于2018-07-20) 
  • Mion, Giuliano, Sociofonologia dell'arabo. Dalla ricerca empirica al riconoscimento del parlante, Rome: Sapienza Orientale, 2010 
  • Neme, Alexis, Pattern-and-root inflectional morphology: the Arabic broken plural, Language Sciences, 2013, 40 (2): 221–250 [2021-09-22], CiteSeerX 10.1.1.697.1138 , doi:10.1016/j.langsci.2013.06.002, (原始内容存档于2021-02-25) 
  • Thelwall, Robin, Illustrations of the IPA: Arabic, Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 1990, 20 (2): 37–41, JSTOR 44526807, doi:10.1017/S0025100300004266 
  • Watson, Janet, The Directionality of Emphasis Spread in Arabic, Linguistic Inquiry, 1999, 30 (2): 289–300, doi:10.1162/002438999554066 
  • Watson, Janet C. E., The Phonology and Morphology of Arabic, New York: Oxford University Press, 2002 

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