隐头虫
隐头虫（学名：Calymene）为一属早期的三叶虫，生存于早奥陶纪特里马道克阶至早泥盆纪布拉格阶，生活在开阔大陆棚的海里和礁石上。这类三叶虫的体长约2公分至70公分[1]，具有凸起的外骨骼。略小的眼睛长在带深沟的头鞍附近。肋叶末梢垂直向下折，尾甲比头部略小。它们是懒散的游水动物，可能在海床上爬行。19世纪的矿工们称它们为“达德利蝗虫”。[2]。
隐头虫属 化石时期：
| |
|---|---|
| |
| Calymene celebra | |
科学分类 
| |
| 界： | 动物界 Animalia |
| 门： | 节肢动物门 Arthropoda |
| （未分级）： | †类肢类 Artiopoda |
| 纲： | †三叶虫纲 Trilobita |
| 目： | †镜眼虫目 Phacopida |
| 科： | †隐头虫科 Calymenidae |
| 属： | †隐头虫属 Calymene Münster, 1840 |
| 模式种 | |
| 布氏隐头虫 Calymene blumenbachii （Brongniart in Desmarest, 1817）
| |
| 种 | |
物种及分布
编辑- Calymene breviceps Raymond, 1916
- Calymene blumenbachii Brongniart in Desmarest, 1817
- Calymene brevicapitata Portlock, 1843
- Calymene cambrensis Salter, 1865
- Calymene celebra Raymond, 1916
- Calymene changyangensis Chang, 1974
- Calymene clavicula Campbell, 1967
- Calymene daviesii Salter, 1866
- Calymene duplicata Murchison, 1839
- Calymene hopkinsoni Hicks, 1875
- Calymene neointermedia R. & E. Richter, 1954
- Calymene niagarensis Hall, 1843
- Calymene parvifrons Salter, 1855
- Calymene senaria Conrad, 1841
- Calymene tristani Brongniart in Desmarest, 1817
- Calymene tuberculata Brünnich
- Calymene vogdesi Foerste, 1887
- Calymene sp.
- 发现于摩洛哥。
重新分配的物种
编辑以下的物种现时已被置入其他属。[7]
- Calymene aculeata = Parasolenopleura aculeata
- Calymene aequalis = Archegonus aequalis
- Calymene anchiops = Anchiopella anchiops
- Calymene arachnoides = Asteropyge arachnoides
- Calymene arago = Colpocoryphe arago
- Calymene articulata = Crotalocephalus articulatus
- Calymene baylei = Metacalymene baylei
- Calymene bellatula = Cybele bellatula
- Calymene bufo rana = Phacops rana
- Calymene calicephala = Orimops calicephala
- Calymene canaliculata = Solenopleura canaliculata[8]
- Calymene caractaci = Flexicalymene caractaci
- Calymene clavifrons = Cyrtometopus clavifrons
- Calymene concinna = Proetus concinnus
- Calymene diademata = Diacalymene diademata
- Calymene downingiae = Acaste downingiae
- Calymene frontiloba = Pliomera fischeri
- Calymene granulata = Phacops granulatus
- Calymene holometopa = Solenopleura holometopa[8]
- Calymene marginata = Perliproetus marginata
- Calymene odini = Chasmops odini
- Calymene ornata = Ceraurinella ornata[9]
- Calymene papillata = Papillicalymene papillata
- Calymene platycephala = Platycoryphe platycephala
- Calymene polytoma = Pliomera fischeri
- Calymene sclerops = Pterygometopus sclerops
- Calymene sinensis = Blackwelderia sinensis
- Calymene speciosa = Parapilekia speciosa
- Calymene stenometopa = Acrocephalites stenometopus
- Calymene stokesii = Phacopidae, generic assignment uncertain[10]
- Calymene tingi = Calymenesun tingi
- Calymene tournemini = Placoparia tournemini
- Calymene tristani = Synhomalonotus tristani
- Calymene unicornis = Reedocalymene unicornis
- Calymene variolaris = Balisoma variolaris
- Calymene verrucosa = Atractopyge verrucosa
- Calymene volborthi = Ptychometopus volborthi
参考文献
编辑- ^ (英文)隐头虫的重建图与介绍 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Nobu Tamura，09/30/2012
- ^ Walker, Cyril; Ward, David. Fossils. Smithsonian Handbooks revised, illustrated. Dorling Kindersley. 2002: 61. ISBN 0789489848.
- ^ Derek J. Siveter. The type species of Calymene (Trilobita) from the Silurian of Dudley, England (PDF). Palaeontology. 1985, 28 (4): 783–792.[失效链接]
- ^ Calymene celebra Raymond 1916 (trilobite). Paleobiology Database. [20 August 2011]. （原始内容存档于2012-10-23）.
- ^ Alex J. Chestnut. Using morphometrics, phylogenetic systematics and parsimony analysis to gain insight into the evolutionary affinities of the Calymenidae Trilobita. OhioLINK ETD Center. [August 21, 2011]. （原始内容存档于2012-03-31）.
- ^ 长阳隐头虫[永久失效链接] 中国数字地质博物馆：藏品数据库
- ^ Moore, R.C. Arthropoda I - Arthropoda General Features, Proarthropoda, Euarthropoda General Features, Trilobitomorpha. Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Part O. Boulder, Colorado/Lawrence, Kansas: Geological Society of America/University of Kansas Press. 1959: 1–560. ISBN 0-8137-3015-5.
- ^ 8.0 8.1 Esteve, Jorge. Systematic revision of the genus Solenopleura Angelin, 1854, Ptychopariida, Trilobita, Cambrian Series 3. Annales de Paléontologie. 2015, 101: 185–192 [2017-12-02]. doi:10.1016/j.annpal.2015.05.001. （原始内容存档于2015-09-24）.
- ^ Pärnaste, Helje. Revision of the Ordovician cheirurid trilobite genus Reraspis with the description of the earliest representative (PDF). Proc. Estonian Acad. Sci. Geol. 2004, 53 (2): 125–138 [2017-12-02]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2007-06-09）.
- ^ Ramskjöld, L.; Werdelin, L. The phylogeny and evolution of some phacopid trilobites. Cladistics. 1991, 7: 29–74. doi:10.1111/j.1096-0031.1991.tb00021.x.
