马赫迪国

马赫迪国
马赫迪国; الدولة المهدية
	1885年—1899年
	国旗
	1894的马赫迪苏丹国
首都	恩图曼
常用语言	苏丹阿拉伯语
宗教	伊斯兰教
政府	伊斯兰国
伊玛目马赫迪
• 1881–1885	穆罕默德·艾哈迈德
哈里发
• 1885–1899	阿卜杜拉希·穆罕默德
立法机构	Shura council
历史时期	殖民时代与帝国主义时代
• 马赫迪战争	1881–1885
• 喀土穆陷落	1885年1月26日
• 《共管苏丹协定》	1899年1月18日
• 乌姆迪维卡拉特战役	1899年11月24日
• 萨宁·海珊起义失败	1909年
人口
• 1898年前	7,000,000
• 1899年	2,000,000–3,000,000
货币	法理上的货币: ; 里亚尔马克布尔; ; 事实上的货币:; 奥斯曼里亚尔; 埃及马吉迪; 西班牙元; 玛丽亚·特蕾莎泰勒;
ISO 3166码	SD
前身	继承
	土埃苏丹
英埃苏丹
达尔富尔苏丹国
今属于	苏丹; 南苏丹

马赫迪国（阿拉伯语：الدولة المهدية），又称马赫迪苏丹（英语：Mahdist Sudan），是苏丹历史上的一个国家，建于1885年，亡于1899年。穆罕默德·艾哈迈德·本·阿卜杜拉于1881年发起反对统治苏丹地区的埃及赫迪夫国，自1821年起，经过四年的斗争，马赫迪叛军推翻了奥斯曼与埃及政府的统治，建立了自己的伊斯兰政府，定都恩图曼。穆罕默德·艾哈迈德自称伊玛目马赫迪。1881年，英埃联军与马赫迪国爆发马赫迪战争，马赫迪国于1898年战败，并于1899年1月与英国埃及签署《共管苏丹协定》，苏丹成为英属埃及共管苏丹，马赫迪国灭亡。

参考文献编辑

^ Knight 2005，第37页.
^ Sidahmed, Abdel Salam; Sidahmed, Alsir. Khalifa's administration. Sudan. Contemporary Middle East. Routledge. 2005: 17. ISBN 978-0-415-27417-3. The Mahdist administration centred around the person of the Khalifa Abdullah, both as the ultimate authority as well as the prime mover of the administrative system and initiator of policy. It has been noted that the Khalifa used to consult with his closest aides (such as his brother Ya'qub, and son 'Uthman Shaykh al-Din), and occasionally call for a meeting of the 'State Council'—apparently an advisory council—to which the Mahdi's surviving companions were invited.
^ ^3.0 ^3.1 Metelits, Claire. Inside Insurgency: Violence, Civilians, and Revolutionary Group Behavior. New York University Press. 2009: 37. ISBN 978-0-8147-9578-1. Estimates cite that the population of Sudan fell from seven million before the Mahdist revolt to between two and three million after the end of the Mahdist era.
^ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 ^4.3 ^4.4 Abu Shouk, Ahmad Ibrahim; Bjørkelo, Anders (编). A note on currencies. The Public Treasury of the Muslims: Monthly Budgets of the Mahdist State in the Sudan, 1897. The Ottoman Empire and its heritage, v. 5. E. J. Brill. 1996: xvii–xviii. ISBN 978-90-04-10358-0.

[FOOTNOTEKnight200537-1] Knight 2005，第37页.

[2] Sidahmed, Abdel Salam; Sidahmed, Alsir. Khalifa's administration. Sudan. Contemporary Middle East. Routledge. 2005: 17. ISBN 978-0-415-27417-3. The Mahdist administration centred around the person of the Khalifa Abdullah, both as the ultimate authority as well as the prime mover of the administrative system and initiator of policy. It has been noted that the Khalifa used to consult with his closest aides (such as his brother Ya'qub, and son 'Uthman Shaykh al-Din), and occasionally call for a meeting of the 'State Council'—apparently an advisory council—to which the Mahdi's surviving companions were invited.

[Population-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Metelits, Claire. Inside Insurgency: Violence, Civilians, and Revolutionary Group Behavior. New York University Press. 2009: 37. ISBN 978-0-8147-9578-1. Estimates cite that the population of Sudan fell from seven million before the Mahdist revolt to between two and three million after the end of the Mahdist era.

[Currency-4] 4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 ^4.3 ^4.4 Abu Shouk, Ahmad Ibrahim; Bjørkelo, Anders (编). A note on currencies. The Public Treasury of the Muslims: Monthly Budgets of the Mahdist State in the Sudan, 1897. The Ottoman Empire and its heritage, v. 5. E. J. Brill. 1996: xvii–xviii. ISBN 978-90-04-10358-0.

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马赫迪国

参考文献 编辑

参考文献编辑