2024年恩加山体滑坡事故

巴布新几内亚灾害

2024年5月24日凌晨三时左右,巴布亚新几内亚恩加省拉盖普-波尔盖拉县迈普·穆利塔卡地方政府区域英语Maip Muritaka Rural LLG扬巴利村英语Yambali周围地区发生山体滑坡。不同信息源给出的罹难人数估测差异巨大,从162人[7]到逾2000人[8]不等。

2024年恩加山体滑坡
山体滑坡处及附近区域示意图
日期2024年5月24日 (2024-05-24)
时间巴布亚新几内亚时间英语Time in Papua New GuineaUTC+10:00
约 03:00
地点 巴布亚新几内亚恩加省拉盖普-波尔盖拉县迈普·穆利塔卡地方政府区域英语Maip Muritaka Rural LLG
坐标5°22′25″S 143°21′53″E / 5.37361°S 143.36472°E / -5.37361; 143.36472
起因掘金与/或强降雨(推测)[1][2]
死亡11人确认死亡
162-2,000+人推定死亡[3][4]
受伤17
失踪2,500+[5][6]

受道路受阻、通讯基础设施损坏影响,救灾工作施展困难[9][10],最初有六名遇难者遗体被寻获,一周后,仅有11人确认死亡。另在考卡拉姆英语Kaokalam和图里帕纳(Tulipana)两个村庄,有约2,500人失踪。巴新官方已正式请求国际援助。[8]

背景

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巴布亚新几内亚由于境内山地广布、热带气候降雨频繁,加之贫困问题、政府行政不善,灾难性的山体滑坡事故时有发生。2024年早先时间,由于气候变化,该国已遭遇强降雨和洪灾侵袭。[2]三月和四月的两次山体滑坡分别造成21人、14人死亡。[11]

5月18日,巴新发生MW 4.5级地震。震中位于本次山体滑坡发生地以西105公里(65英里),震源深度126.2公里(78.4英里)。一位当地居民称,该地震或是本次山体滑坡的肇因。[1]巴新红十字会英语Papua New Guinea Red Cross Society则对这一说法予以否认,其负责人表示:“这是个蕴藏金矿的地区,人们可能在(发生滑坡的)山上采掘过金子”,否则事故就是强降雨导致的。[2]

事故影响

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距灾区30公里的波格拉金矿英语Porgera Gold Mine

当地时间5月24日凌晨三时左右[12],芒加洛山(Mount Mungalo)部分山体崩塌,大量石块剥落,摧毁了附近的六个村庄[13]。单在考卡拉姆一村,便有数十间房屋损毁,预计约有300人因而死亡。滑坡事故同时造成通往波格拉金矿英语Porgera Gold Mine的道路受阻,150米长的通往考卡拉姆的主要道路受损,燃油、物资供应一时面临困难[14][1][15]。在扬巴利村,约有3,000名村民失踪,另有约2,000人被掩埋在图里帕纳村,具体的失踪人数仍未可知[16]。通往首都莫尔斯比港的道路亦遭阻断。村庄菜园以及三条溪流被石砾掩埋[17]。据国际移民组织官员估测,受掩埋的区域约有“三至四个足球场”大[18],坍塌层约有6至8米深[19]

不同信源对死亡人数作了极为相异的估测,天空新闻台等认为有670人遇难[12]巴布亚新几内亚信使报英语Papua New Guinea Post-Courier则认为有逾千人丧命[4]。这些估测尚未得到政府官员的确证[18]。超过4,000人受到此次事故直接影响[20]。最初人们发现了五具遇难者的遗骸,以及第六位遇难者的腿部残肢[21],截止5月30日,共有11人的遗体被寻获。[22]七人受伤[23],四人获救[5][24]。恩加籍议员5月24日告诉《卫报》,有1,182间房屋遭到损毁。[25]超过5,000只猪、100家商铺、五辆汽车[26]、两处医疗点据信亦在石砾之下[27]。另有250间房屋因地表不稳而变为危房,估计另有1,250人因此失去住房。[21]

现场救援人员称遇难者遗骸已“腐臭不堪”,5月30日,鉴于尸体或致水源污染,国际移民组织发布报告,警告灾区有爆发疫病的“重大风险”。[28]

救灾情况

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巴布亚新几内亚总理詹姆斯·马拉佩宣布,巴布亚新几内亚国防军已被派遣至事故地区进行遗体搜寻、基础设施重建等救援与善后工作。警察、医护人员、工程师以及联合国人员亦参与救灾,一些当地群众自发组建现场应急力量[29]。黄昏时分,现场救援人员利用机械挖掘设备等工具,试图找到幸存者[30]

国际人道主义机构国际关怀协会英语Care International巴布亚新几内亚红十字会英语Papua New Guinea Red Cross Society评估了灾情[31][32][33]。国际关怀协会称,灾难后,约有4,000人需要人道主义救助。2024年2月,当地曾爆发部落武装冲突英语February 2024 Enga Province massacre,造成部分村民流离失所,此次山体滑坡掩埋了部分用以收容他们的社区[20]。巨大的石块和倒塌的树木阻碍了搜救工作[34],红十字会估计需要两天时间,救援力量才能抵达灾区[2]。据ABC新闻报导,目前只有直升机能进入考卡拉姆。5月25日起,有救援车队离开省府瓦巴格,向灾区进发[35]。由于坐落途中的坦比塔尼斯村(Tambitanis)仍有部落冲突情况,救援车队受到了巴新国防军的护送。巴新防长比利·约瑟夫(Billy Joseph)和国家灾害中心主任拉索·马纳(Laso Mana)宣布将于26日前往瓦巴格勘灾[21]。运营波格拉金矿的合资企业亦同意向灾区提供专业挖掘设备,以辅助搜寻遗体、疏通道路。[36]

5月28日,食品、药品等物资运抵灾区。[37]在受灾人群中,十六岁以下的青少年占约四成,人道主义组织担忧他们的心理问题。已有九名儿童因事故丧失双亲。[37]随着专业设备从莱城等地运至灾区,遇难者家属又就是否应使用重型机械挖掘遗骸产生分歧,部分人担忧其亲人遗骸恐因而遭到二次破坏。[8]

巴布亚新几内亚国民议会为事故遇难者默哀一分钟。[7]5月30日,议长乔布·波马特英语Job Pomat厉斥议员们只顾计划对总理发起不信任动议,而对恩加山崩灾情颇有冷落[38]。马拉佩翌日前往事故现场[39],宣布将拨付2000万基那用以救灾同重建[40]

国际反应

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参见

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参考资料

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  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Papua New Guinea: Large landslide causes 'loss of life and property'. Le Monde. 2024-05-24 [2024-05-24]. (原始内容存档于2024-05-24) (英语). It is a gold mining area and people may have been gold mining on that mountain," she said. Otherwise, the landslide may have been caused by heavy rain, Philemon suggested. 
  3. ^ Huge landslide strikes remote village in Papua New Guinea, with 100 people feared dead. ABC新闻. 2024-05-24 [2024-05-24]. (原始内容存档于2024-05-24). 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 More than 1000 people perish in massive landslide in Enga Province. 巴布亚新几内亚信使报. 2024-05-24 [2024-05-24]. (原始内容存档于2024-05-24). 
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 Hundreds feared dead after huge landslide in Papua New Guinea. 新西兰国家广播电台. 2024-05-24 [2024-05-24]. (原始内容存档于2024-05-25). 
  6. ^ More than 300 buried in Papua New Guinea landslide, local media says. Reuters. 2024-05-25 [2024-05-25]. 
  7. ^ 7.0 7.1 Dziedzic, Stephen; Wayne, Hilda. Uncertainty surrounds PNG landslide death toll as relief supplies begin arriving at disaster zone. 澳大利亚广播公司. 2024-05-29 [2024-05-31]. 
  8. ^ 8.0 8.1 8.2 McGuirk, Rod. Papua New Guinea says Friday’s landslide buried more than 2,000 people and formally asks for help. 美联社. 2024-05-27 [2-24-05-27]. 
  9. ^ The United Nations in Papua New Guinea Media Release on the Recent Landslide in Enga Province - May 2024 (新闻稿). 莫尔斯比港: The United Nations in Papua New Guinea. 2024-05-25 [2024-05-27]. (原始内容存档于2024-05-27). 
  10. ^ Jackson, Lewis; Jose, Renju. Papua New Guinea landslide buried more than 2,000 people, government says. 路透社. 2024-05-27 [2024-05-27]. [T]reacherous terrain impeded aid and lowered hopes of finding survivors 
  11. ^ Why does Papua New Guinea experience so many fatal landslides — and what can be done?. 澳大利亚广播公司. [2024-05-24]. (原始内容存档于2024-05-24). 
  12. ^ 12.0 12.1 Papua New Guinea: More than 670 killed by landslide, new local estimates say. Sky News. 2024-05-26 [2024-05-26]. (原始内容存档于2024-05-26). 
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  16. ^ Mulitaka landslide: Total number of people missing yet to be confirmed. 巴布亚新几内亚信使报. 2024-05-26 [2024-05-26]. (原始内容存档于2024-05-26). 
  17. ^ Papua New Guinea landslide: rescue convoy heads to remote village as scores feared buried. The Guardian. [2024-05-25]. (原始内容存档于2024-05-26). 
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  19. ^ Stambaugh, Alex. Three bodies recovered after Papua New Guinea landslide, 'significant' death toll expected. CNN. 2024-05-25 [2024-05-25]. (原始内容存档于2024-05-25) (英语). 
  20. ^ 20.0 20.1 Situation in Papua New Guinea 'catastrophic' following landslide, with 4,000 in need of aid. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 2024-05-25 [2024-05-25]. (原始内容存档于2024-05-25). She said that an earthquake had hit the area a few days prior, which she believed could have contributed to the cause of the landslide. 
  21. ^ 21.0 21.1 21.2 McGuirk, Rod. Over 670 people died in a massive Papua New Guinea landslide, UN estimates, as survivors seek safety. Associated Press. 2024-05-26 [2024-05-26]. (原始内容存档于2024-05-26). 
  22. ^ UN warns of ‘significant’ disease risk after Papua New Guinea landslide. 半岛电视台. 2024-05-30 [2024-05-31]. 
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  43. ^ Janez Lenarčič announces €150,000 in funding to support people of Papua New Guinea after deadly landslide. 欧洲通讯社法语Agence Europe. 2024-05-28 [2024-05-29]. 
  44. ^ France sends condolences and support following the devastating landslide in Enga Province. 巴布亚新几内亚信使报. 2024-05-27 [2024-05-27]. 
  45. ^ Farrell, Paul. King Charles says he and Queen Camilla are 'shocked and saddened' by the landslide that has buried '2,000 people alive' in Papua New Guinea and says the nation is 'in our thoughts and prayers'. 每日邮报. 2024-05-27 [2024-05-29]. 
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