帮助:拉脱维亚话国际音标

这页是维基百科的拉脱维亚话国际音标发音指南。

音标编辑

大多基于Nau, Nicole, Latvian, Lincom Europa: 66, 1998, ISBN 3-89586-228-2 。

IPA	例	大约汉声母
子音
p	pipari [ˈpipːari], skābs [skaːps]^[1]	多数方言的帮母
b	bāka [baːka]^[2]	闽南语“闽”
m	man [man]	多数方言的明母
f	fosfors [ˈfosfɔːrs]^[3]	官、粤非母
v	vai [vai]	吴语“饭”
t	tas [tas]	多数方言的端母
d	diena [diɛna], atdarīt [ˈadːariːt]^[2]	吴语“甜”
n	nav [naʊ]	多数方言的泥母
l	lai [lai]	多数方言的来母
s	suns [suns], mazs [masː]^[1]	多数方言的心母
z	zināt [zinaːt]	潮州话“热”
ts	celts [tsælts], sods [suɔts]^[1]	多数方言的精母
dz	dzimt [dzimt]	汕头话“日”
ʃ	seši [seʃi], mežs [meʃː]^[1]	ship
ʒ	daži [daʒi]	衢州话“床”
tʃ	četri [t͡ʃetri]	chop
ʃtʃ	šķirt [ʃt͡ʃirt], lietišķs [liɛtiʃt͡ʃs]	英文fresh cheese
dʒ	dadži [dad͡ʒi]	衢州话“陈”
r	"re kur!" [reˌkur]	rolled r
c	ķēķis [ceːcis]	choose和skew间
ɟ	ģērbt [ɟeːrpt]	June和argue间
ɲ	ņemt [ɲemt]	梅县话、上海话日母
ʎ	ļoti [ʎuɔti]	部分英方言million
j	jā [jaː]	多数方言的以母
k	kāpt [kaːpt], smags [smaks]^[1]	多数方言的见母
ɡ	gūt [guːt], ikdiena [ˈigdiɛna]^[2]	闽南语“五”、吴语“共”
ŋ	bungas [buŋgas]	粤、吴“吴”
x	heterohromija [ˈxeteroxrɔːmija]^[3]	官话“好”

IPA	例	大约汉韵母
单母音（汉语应该没有分长短母音之方言，有“ː”者请拉长来读、自行想像）
a	dakša [dakʃa]	官、粤麻韵
aː	pār [paːr]	官、粤麻韵
æ	(viņš) bed [bæd]	苏州话“遥”
æː	bēda [bæːda]	苏州话“遥”
e	bet [bet]	粤语“车”
eː	ēst [eːst]	粤语“车”
ɔ	operācija [ˈɔpːeraːtsija]^[4]	粤语科韵
ɔː	opera [ɔːpera]^[4]	粤语科韵
i	viss [visː]	官、粤“衣”
iː	vīst [viːst]	官、粤“衣”
u	un [un]	官、粤“乌”
uː	būt [buːt]	官、粤“乌”
双母音^[5]
ai	tai [tai]^[6]	官、粤“拜”
au	tauta [tauta]	官、粤肴韵
ɛi	vei [vɛi]^[6]	官、粤微韵
ɛu	tev [tɛu], Eugēnija [ˈɛugeːnija]^[7]	粤语“掉”白读
oi	ahoi [aˈhɔi]^[6]^[8]	粤语开韵
ɔu	boulings [bɔuliŋks]	粤语“煲”
iɛ	diena [diɛna]	官、粤“耶”
iu	pliukšķis [pliukʃt͡ʃis]^[8]	粤语宵韵
uɔ	lolojot [luɔluɔjuɔt]^[4]	官“我”、粤“禾”
ui	fui [fui]^[6]	粤语灰韵
元音间隙
.	分隔不是双母音的母音簇：neilgs [ˈne.ilks]，triumfs [ˈtri.umfs]，neieiet [ˈne.iɛ.iɛt]
重音
ˈ	重音（几乎都在字词首音节且用万国音标标示拉脱维亚话时可省略）
长子音
ː	长母音或长子音（只限响音）

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 Before the masculine ending -s, voiced consonants are devoiced: smags → [smaks]. The -s is assimilated after a devoiced fricative, producing a long consonant: mazs → [masː] and mežs → [meʃː]. Devoicing also occurs in compounds: labprātīgs → [ˈlapːraːtiːks] or [ˈlapˌpraːtiːks].
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 An unvoiced consonant, in a compound, followed by a voiced consonant becomes voiced: atdarīt → [ˈadːariːt] or [ˈadˌdariːt].
^ ^3.0 ^3.1 [f] and [x] occur only in loanwords.
^ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 The letter ⟨o⟩ in Latvian orthography usually represents the diphthong [uɔ]): Lithuanian nuoma and Latvian noma. [ɔ] and its long counterpart, [ɔː], occur only in loanwords.
^ DIVSKAŅI. [20 April 2024].
^ ^6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 ^6.3 In closed syllables, [ai], [ɛi], [oi], and [ui] may be transcribed as vowel-glide sequences: tais [tajs], veikt [vɛjkt], boikots [bɔjkɔts], and muita [mujta].
^ Only in loanwords and onomatopoeiatic words or as the result of vocalization in open syllables of [v].
^ ^8.0 ^8.1 Only in loanwords or onomatopoeiatic words.