表面纹理是物质界面的性质,由地形、表面粗糙度、起伏度三个特征定义。[1]当表面并非理想地光滑,而是有局部的微小偏差时,这些偏差就组成了表面纹理。
表面纹理是决定摩擦力的重要因素,并在层间滑动时传递层的信息。对于不同滑动条件下表面纹理对摩擦力和磨损的影响,有可观的研究。表面纹理可以是各向同性的,也可以是各向异性的。当表面具有某些纹理时,在滑动中能观察到粘滑摩擦现象。
Each manufacturing process (such as the many kinds of machining) produces a surface texture. The process is usually optimized to ensure that the resulting texture is usable. If necessary, an additional process will be added to modify the initial texture. The latter process may be grinding (abrasive cutting), polishing, lapping, abrasive blasting, honing, electrical discharge machining (EDM), milling, lithography, industrial etching/chemical milling, laser texturing, or other processes.
原流程图来自英文维基百科,这里对其表格化。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
success
|
|
Can you stay cool?
|
|
|
|
Yes
|
前项结束后开始后项
|
|
|
|
shower them with wikilove
|
|
|
|
Are they being disruptive?
|
Yes
|
No
|
|
|
|
report them to an administrator
|
Are they sock puppeting?
|
Yes
|
No
|
|
|
|
report them to an administrator
|
前项结束后开始后项
|
shower them with wikilove
|
If they have lost their cool
|
try to form a consensus on the talk page
|
If a consensus has not been formed
|
shower them with wikilove
|
|
|
|
前项结束后开始后项
|
shower them with wikilove
|
seek feedback from wikiquette alerts
|
前项结束后开始后项
|
shower them with wikilove
|
seek an editor review of yourself
|
Should your behavior change?
|
|
|
|
Yes
|
change your behavior
|
|
|
|
No
|
begin dispute resolution
|
|
|
|
No
|
take a wikibreak
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
top-down
|
bottom-up
|
a+b
|
|
|
a+b+c
|
|
|
(a+b)+c
|
|
|
a+b+c+d
|
|
|
(a+b)+(c+d)
|
|
|
|
|
|
(a+b)+(c+d)
|
+
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
|
|
|
a...b
|
|
|
|
c...d
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
a...b
|
|
|
|
c...d
|
|
|
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(a+b)+(c+d)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
((a+b)+c)+d
|
|
|
|
|
|
((a+b)+c)+d
|
+
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
|
d
|
|
|
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
|
c
|
|
|
|
|
|
a
|
|
|
|
b
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
a
|
|
|
|
b
|
|
|
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
|
c
|
|
|
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
|
d
|
|
|
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
((a+b)+c)+d
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
加零 |
相反数相加 |
加法交换律 |
加法结合律
|
|
|
|
|
b
|
|
|
|
c
|
|
|
|
|
|
a
|
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
|
c
|
|
|
|
|
|
a
|
|
|
|
b
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
a
|
|
|
|
b...c
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
同加法,只要把 b 换成 -b 即可。
同加法,只要把 + 换成 * 即可。
乘零 |
乘一 |
倒数相乘 (a≠0) |
乘法交换律 |
乘法结合律 |
乘法分配律
|
|
|
|
|
|
b
|
|
|
|
c
|
|
|
|
|
|
a
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
|
c
|
|
|
|
|
|
a
|
|
|
|
b
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
a
|
|
|
|
b...c
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
b
|
|
|
|
c
|
|
|
|
|
|
a
|
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
|
|
|
a...b
|
|
|
|
a...c
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
同乘法,只要把 b 换成 /b 即可。
平方和的开方 |
平方差的开方
|
|
|
|
|
|
sqrt(a^2+b^2+c^2)
|
|
|
|
|
|
sqrt(_^2+_^2+_^2)
|
|
|
|
|
a
|
|
|
|
b...c
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
sqrt(a^2-b^2)
|
|
|
|
|
|
sqrt(_^2-_^2)
|
|
|
|
|
a
|
|
|
|
b
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
top-down
|
bottom-up
|
dx
|
|
|
dx/dt
|
|
|
d^2x/dt^2
|
|
|
|
|
|
d^2x/dt^2
|
|
|
|
|
|
d^2/dt
|
|
|
|
x
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
d/dt
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
dx/dt
|
|
|
|
|
|
d/dt
|
|
|
|
x
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
和的微分 |
积的微分
|
|
|
a
|
|
|
|
b
|
|
|
|
|
|
d
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
|
|
|
b
|
|
|
|
a
|
d...a
|
|
|
|
d...b
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
由于维基百科的虫,内容已移至User:CaffeineP/课程笔记本/质点力学。
(考虑中)我将来可能将这些原创内容发到维基学院。
另见User:CaffeineP/数学式的推导(表格形式)。
|
r
|
v
|
p
|
a
|
F
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
a
|
|
|
|
|
|
d/dr
|
|
|
|
v
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
d/dt...r
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
d^2/dr^2
|
|
|
|
r
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
固定空间直角坐标系
|
|
|
|
|
|
r
|
+
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*...*
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
|
|
|
x...i...y
|
|
|
|
j...z...k
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
v
|
|
|
|
|
|
d/dt
|
|
|
|
r
|
+
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*...*
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
|
|
|
x...i...y
|
|
|
|
j...z...k
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
+...+
|
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
|
|
|
*...*...*
|
|
|
|
*...*...*
|
|
|
|
|
|
i...x...j
|
|
|
|
y...k...z
|
d/dt...x...d/dt...i...d/dt...y
|
|
|
|
d/dt...j...d/dt...z...d/dt...k
|
|
|
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
|
0...0
|
|
|
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
|
0...0
|
|
|
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*...*
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
|
|
|
i
|
|
|
|
j...k
|
d/dt...x...d/dt
|
|
|
|
y...d/dt...z
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
vx
|
|
|
|
vy...vz
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
v
|
|
|
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*...*
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
|
|
|
i
|
|
|
|
j...k
|
d/dt...x...d/dt
|
|
|
|
y...d/dt...z
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
d/dt...x...d/dt
|
|
|
|
y...d/dt...z
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
p
|
*
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
m
|
|
|
|
v
|
|
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*...*
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
|
|
|
i
|
|
|
|
j...k
|
d/dt...x...d/dt
|
|
|
|
y...d/dt...z
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
px
|
|
|
|
py...pz
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
p
|
|
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
m
|
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
|
|
|
*...*
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
|
|
|
i
|
|
|
|
j...k
|
d/dt...x...d/dt
|
|
|
|
y...d/dt...z
|
|
|
|
|
|
*...*
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
|
|
|
m...m
|
|
|
|
m
|
d/dt...x...d/dt
|
|
|
|
y...d/dt...z
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Template:BS-map
[[:#if:ax~~! !BHF\\\\\BHF\\\\\BHF~~ay...az
STRrg\STRq\STRq\ABZlr\STRq\STRq\STRq\STRq\ABZlr\STRq\STRq\STRq\STRq\ABZlr\STRq\STRq\STRlg
STR\\\\\\\\uBHF\\\\\\\\STR~~a
STR\\\\\\\\uLSTR\\\\\\\\STR
+~~! !STR\\\\\\\\uHST\\\\\\\\STR
STR\\\uSTRrg\uSTRq\uSTRq\uSTRq\uSTRq\uABZglr\uSTRq\uSTRq\uSTRq\uSTRq\uSTRlg\\\STR
- ...*~~! !STR\\\uHST\\\\\uHST\\\\\uHST\\\STR~~*
STR\\uSTRrg\uABZlr\uSTRlg\\\uSTRrg\uABZlr\uSTRlg\\\uSTRrg\uABZlr\uSTRlg\\STR
i~~! !STR\uSTRrg\uABZlr\uSTRlg\uBHF\\uSTRrg\uABZlr\uSTRlg\uBHF\\uSTRrg\uABZlr\uSTRlg\uBHF\\STR~~j...k
d^2/dt^2...x...d^2/dt^2~~! !STR\uHST\\uBHF\uSTR\\uHST\\uBHF\uSTR\\uHST\\uBHF\uSTR\\STR~~y...d^2/dt^2...z
STRlf\STRq\STRq\ABZ+lr\STRq\STRq\STRq\STRq\ABZ+lr\STRq\STRq\STRq\STRq\ABZ+lr\STRq\STRq\STRrf
STRrg\ABZlr\STRlg\\\STRrg\ABZlr\STRlg\\\STRrg\ABZlr\STRlg
d^2/dt^2...x...d^2/dt^2~~! !HST\\BHF\\\HST\\BHF\\\HST\\BHF~~y...d^2/dt^2...z]]
|
|
固定平面直角坐标系
|
单元格B
|
单元格C
|
|
单元格D
|
单元格G
|
固定平面极坐标系
|
单元格B
|
单元格C
|
|
单元格D
|
单元格G
|
自然坐标系
|
单元格B
|
单元格C
|
|
单元格D
|
单元格G
|
匀速平动参考系空间直角坐标系
|
单元格B
|
单元格C
|
|
单元格D
|
单元格G
|
- ^ Degarmo, Black & Kohser 2003,第223页 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFDegarmoBlackKohser2003 (help).