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用户:Jdam-mk84/大韩民国空军

Republic of Korea Air Force
  • 대한민국 공군
  • Daehanminguk Gong-gun
Republic of Korea Air Force emblem
国家或地区 韩国
种类Air force
功能Aerial warfare
规模
  • 65,000 (2022)[1]
  • 720 aircraft
直属 韩国
HeadquartersGyeryong, South Korea
格言
  • 대한민국을 지키는 가장 높은 힘
  • "The Highest Power Defending the Republic of Korea"[2]
进行曲
  • 공군가
  • "Air Force Anthem"[3][4]
吉祥物"Haneuli" and "Purumae"
参与战役
指挥官
President Yoon Suk Yeol
Minister of National Defense Shin Won-sik
Chief of Staff of Air Force General Lee Young-su
标识
Flag
Logo
Roundel
Low Visibility Roundel
飞机
电战机E-7A
战斗机F-5E/F, F-4E, F-16C, F-15K, FA-50, F-35A
直升机Bell 412, CH-47D, HH-60P, S-92, Ka-32, MD 500 Defender, Eurocopter AS332
攻击直升机MD 500 Defender
巡逻机RQ-4 Global Hawk
侦察机RC-800, Dassault Falcon 2000
教练机KAI KT-1, TA-50/50B, KT-100
运输机Boeing 747, Boeing 737, CASA CN-235, C-130H, C-130J
空中加油机KC-30A

The Republic of Korea Air Force (ROKAF; ), also known as the ROK Air Force or South Korean air force, is the aerial warfare service branch of South Korea, operating under the South Korean Ministry of National Defense.

History 编辑

1945年の大日本帝国の败戦により日本による朝鲜统治が终了し、帰国した航空関系者约500人が韩国航空建设协会を结成して航空部队の建设を建议したがアメリカ军は认めなかった。そこで统卫部情报局长代理の金英焕が交渉した结果、1948年3月に陆军の一部として軽飞行队の创设を认められた。

1948年4月に金贞烈、朴范集、崔用徳、李永茂、李根晳、张徳昌、金英焕の7人が航空干部要员として歩兵学校に入学して1か月间の基础军事教育を终えた。5月1日に警备士官学校に入学して2周间の教育を受けて5月14日に少尉に任官した[5]。そして第1旅団司令部に航空部队を创设し、司令官は白仁烨が就任した[5]。9月4日にアメリカ合众国より10机のパイパーL-4グラスホッパーを寄赠され、翌5日に朝鲜警备队が大韩民国陆军に改编されると、自动的に陆军航空队に改称された。そして15日に初の编队飞行を行った。しかしL-4型连络机では航続距离が短いため、1948年末までにL-5型侦察用连络机10机が导入された。さらに1949年1月には陆军航空学校を设立した。

L-5型连络机の购入を机に航空首脳部は空军の独立を提唱したが、连络机20机だけで、しかもアメリカ空军でさえ独立してから1年余りしか経っていない时であったので、顾问団长のロバー准将（William L. Roberts）は时期尚早、参谋総长の蔡秉德少将は空地协同の建前から空军独立に反対した。そこで金贞烈が李承晩大统领と申性模国防部长官らに直接诉え、蔡秉徳に执拗に说き、1949年10月1日に现在の韩国空军が正式に発足した。North American T-6（국민성금 헌납기(T-6 건국기) (国民诚金 献纳机(T-6 建国机)）国民诚金 献纳机（朝鲜语：국민성금 헌납기）

その后、1950年に朝鲜戦争が勃発した际、北朝鲜がヤコヴレフYak-9やラーヴォチュキン La-7を当时のソビエト连邦から输入し、朝鲜人民军空军に导入したことを受けて、P-51D マスタングをはじめとする110机を导入、アメリカ空军からもパイロットが派遣され、军事规模を拡大して行った。

さらに1960年代から1970年代になると、北朝鲜の胁威からF-86やF-5、F-4といった戦闘机も配备されて行き、1990年代にはF-16・KF-16、2000年代にはF-15Eの韩国型であるF-15Kが导入される等の近代化が进行している。KT-1やT-50といった练习机を国产しているほか、国产戦闘机KF-21の开発も行っている。 2020年代においてもF-35Aの导入など最新锐机への更新が随时行われている。

2003年には南部戦闘司令部と北部戦闘司令部が设けられた。これらは2015年にはそれぞれ空中戦闘司令部と空中机动侦察司令部に改编された。

1940s 编辑

二战结束后不久，韩国航空建设协会于1946年8月10日成立，宣传空中力量的重要性。尽管当时韩国武装部队的地位微薄，但第一支空军部队还是在 1948 年 5 月 5 日在现代韩国国防部前身董为部的指挥下组建了。1949年9月13日，美国向韩国空军捐赠了10架L-4草蜢观察机。1949年1月陆军航空学院成立，1949年10月韩国空军正式成立。

Shortly after the end of World War II, the South Korean Air Construction Association was founded on August 10, 1946, to publicize the importance of air power. Despite the then-scanty status of Korean armed forces, the first air unit was formed on May 5, 1948, under the direction of Dong Wi-bu, the forerunner to the modern South Korean Ministry of National Defense. On September 13, 1949, the United States contributed 10 L-4 Grasshopper observation aircraft to the South Korean air unit. An Army Air Academy was founded in January 1949, and the ROKAF was officially founded in October 1949.

1950s 编辑

20 世纪 50 年代是韩国空军的关键时期，因为它在朝鲜战争期间急剧扩张。战争爆发时，韩国空军有1800名人员，但只配备了20架教练机和联络机，其中包括从加拿大购买的10架北美T-6德州高级教练机。北韩空军从苏联购买了相当数量的Yak-9和La-7战斗机，在规模和实力上使韩国空军相形见绌。不过，在战争期间，韩国空军购买了 110 架飞机，其中包括 79 架战斗轰炸机、三个战斗机中队和一个战斗机联队。作为Bout One计划的一部分，接收的第一架战斗机是北美 F-51D 野马机，以及由Dean Hess少校指挥的美国空军教官飞行员分队。韩国空军参与了轰炸行动并独立飞行。战后，韩国空军总部迁至首尔大方洞。空军大学也成立于1956年。

The 1950s were a critical time for the ROKAF as it expanded tremendously during the Korean War. At the outbreak of the war, the ROKAF consisted of 1,800 personnel but was equipped with only 20 trainers and liaison aircraft, including 10 North American T-6 Texan advanced trainers purchased from Canada. The North Korean Air Force had acquired a considerable number of Yak-9 and La-7 fighters from the Soviet Union, dwarfing the ROKAF in terms of size and strength. During the war, though, the ROKAF acquired 110 aircraft - 79 fighter-bombers, three fighter squadrons, and one fighter wing. The first combat aircraft received was North American F-51D Mustangs, along with a contingent of US Air Force instructor pilots under the command of Major Dean Hess, as part of Bout One Project. The ROKAF participated in bombing operations and flew independent sorties. After the war, the ROKAF Headquarters were moved to Daebangdong, Seoul. Air Force University was also founded in 1956.

 
P-51 Mustangs were among the first fighter aircraft for the ROKAF

1960s 编辑

为了应对北韩可能侵略的威胁，韩国空军的能力得到了大幅增强。韩国空军购买了北美 T-28 特洛伊教练机、北美 F-86D 佩刀夜间和全天候拦截机、诺斯罗普 F-5战斗机和麦道 F-4D 幻影战斗轰炸机。空军作战司令部成立于 1961 年，旨在确保高效的指挥和控制设施。1966年成立空军后勤司令部，兴建紧急跑道，供战时紧急使用。Eunma 部队成立于 1966 年，负责运作柯蒂斯 C-46 突击队运输机，用于支援越战期间在南越服役的韩国陆军和海军陆战队部队。[5]

To counter the threat of possible North Korean aggression, the ROKAF underwent a substantial capability enhancement. The ROKAF acquired North American T-28 Trojan trainers, North American F-86D Sabre night- and all-weather interceptors, Northrop F-5 fighters and McDonnell Douglas F-4D Phantom fighter bombers. Air Force Operations Command was established in 1961 to secure efficient command and control facilities. Air Force Logistics Command was established in 1966, and emergency runways were constructed for emergency use during wartime. The Eunma Unit was founded in 1966 to operate Curtiss C-46 Commando transport aircraft used to support Republic of Korea Army and Republic of Korea Marine Corps units serving in South Vietnam during the Vietnam War.[6]

1970s 编辑

1970 年代，随着北韩日益好战，韩国空军面临安全风险。韩国政府增加了对韩国空军的支出，导致于 1974 年 8 月购买了诺斯罗普 F-5E 虎 II战斗机和 F-4E 战斗轰炸机。当时也购买了Fairchild C-123 Providers和Grumman S-2 Trackers等支援飞机。高度重视飞行训练计划；购买了新型教练机（塞斯纳T-41 Mescalero和塞斯纳T-37），并于1973年成立了空军教育训练司令部，以巩固和提高人才培训品质。

The ROKAF was posed with a security risk, with an increasingly belligerent North Korea throughout the 1970s. The South Korean government increased its expenditure on the ROKAF, resulting in the purchase of Northrop F-5E Tiger II fighters in August 1974 and F-4E fighter-bombers. Support aircraft, such as Fairchild C-123 Providers and Grumman S-2 Trackers were also purchased at the time. Great emphasis was placed on the flight training program; new trainer aircraft (Cessna T-41 Mescalero and Cessna T-37) were purchased, and the Air Force Education & Training Command was also founded in 1973 to consolidate and enhance the quality of personnel training.

1980s 编辑

韩国空军专注于飞机的品质扩张，以赶上北韩空军的实力。1982 年，F-5E 的韩国改型“Jegong-ho”首次生产。当北韩飞行员李雄平上尉叛逃到韩国时，韩国空军收集了大量有关北韩空军的资讯。北韩作战行动资讯中心很快就成立，防空系统实现自动化，以获得针对北韩的空中优势。1988 年汉城奥运会在韩国举行时，韩国空军透过协助监督整个安全系统，为本届赛事的成功做出了贡献。韩国空军也将总部和空军教育训练司令部迁至其他地点。1989年也购买了 40架通用动力的F-16战斗机。

The ROKAF concentrated on the qualitative expansion of aircraft to catch up to the strength of the North Korean Air Force. In 1982, Korean variants of the F-5E, the Jegong-ho were first produced. The ROKAF gathered a good deal of information on the North Korean Air Force when Captain Lee Woong-Pyeong, a North Korean pilot, defected to South Korea. The Korean Combat Operations Information Center was soon formed and the Air Defence System was automated to attain air superiority against North Korea. When the 1988 Seoul Olympics was held in South Korea, the ROKAF contributed to the success of this event by helping to oversee the entire security system. The ROKAF also moved its headquarters and the Air Force Education & Training Command to other locations. 40 General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon fighters were also purchased in 1989.

1990s 编辑

海湾战争期间，韩国承诺支持联军，组成“比马部队”参战。1993年，韩国空军也为索马里维和行动提供了空运支援。对国际行动的参与程度不断提高，反映了韩国空军国际地位的提升。1994 年，作为和平桥 II 和 III 计划的一部分，引进了超过 180 架F-16 Block 52规格的KF-16战斗机。1997 年，韩国航空史上首次招收女学员进入韩国空军学院。

South Korea committed its support for coalition forces during the Persian Gulf War, forming the "Bima Unit" to fight in the war. The ROKAF also provided airlift support for peacekeeping operations in Somalia in 1993. The increased participation in international operations depicted the ROKAF's elevated international position. Over 180 KF-16 fighters of F-16 Block 52 specifications were introduced as part of the Peace Bridge II & III program in 1994. In 1997, for the first time in Korean aviation history, female cadets were accepted into the Korean Air Force Academy.

2000s 编辑

韩国最后一批旧的60架F-5A/B战斗机已于2007年8月全部退役，并被F-15K和F/A-50取代。2009年10月20日，美国空军副部长布鲁斯·S·莱姆金表示，韩国空军有限的情报、监视和侦察（ISR）能力增加了朝鲜半岛不稳定的风险，并建议购买美国系统，例如F -35 闪电II弥补了这一差距。[6]

The last of the old South Korean 60 F-5A/B fighters were all retired in August 2007, and they were replaced with the F-15K and F/A-50. On October 20, 2009, Bruce S. Lemkin, deputy undersecretary of the U.S. Air Force, said that the ROKAF's limited intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (ISR) capabilities increased the risk of instability on the Korean Peninsula and suggested the purchase of American systems such as the F-35 Lightning II to close this gap.[7]

2010s 编辑

韩国空军也表示有兴趣购买RQ-4全球鹰 遥控飞行器（RPV）和多个联合直接攻击弹药转换套件，以进一步提高其情报和进攻能力。2014年，诺斯罗普·格鲁曼公司签订了一份向韩国提供四架RQ-4 Global的合约。[7]韩国空军采购了 40 架 F-35 和另外 20 架 F-35。

The South Korean Air Force also expressed interest in acquiring the RQ-4 Global Hawk remotely piloted vehicle (RPV) and several Joint Direct Attack Munition conversion kits to further improve its intelligence and offensive capabilities. In 2014, Northrop Grumman awarded a contract to provide South Korea with four RQ-4 Global.[8] The South Korean Air Force acquired 40 F-35s and +20 additional F-35.

2020s 编辑

2021年，太空作战中心在空军总部成立。[8]

2023 年 10 月 22 日，韩国空军在朝鲜半岛附近与美国和日本空军进行了首次三边演习。[9]

In 2021, the Space Operations Center was established at the Air Force Headquarters.[9]

On 22 October 2023, the ROKAF conducted its first-ever trilateral exercise with the United States and Japanese air forces near the Korean Peninsula.[10]

Organization 编辑

 
A Lockheed C-130 Hercules transport aircraft

Republic of Korea Air Force Headquarters 编辑

  • Republic of Korea Air Force Headquarters
    • 7th Airforce Communication Service Group
    • 35th Flight Group, based at Seongnam
    • 52nd Test & Evaluation Group
    • 53rd Air Demonstration Group, based at Wonju
    • 91st Civil Engineer Group
    • Air Force Aerospace Medical Center
    • Air Force Weather Group
  • Air Force Operations Command
    • Korean Air And Space Operations Center
    • Air Combat Command
      • 1st Fighter Wing, based at Gwangju (T-50)
      • 8th Fighter Wing, based at Wonju (FA-50, KA-1, HARPY)
      • 10th Fighter Wing, based at Suwon (KF-5E/F, F-4E)
      • 11th Fighter Wing, based at Daegu (F-15K)
      • 16th Fighter Wing, based at Yecheon (TA-50, FA-50)
      • 17th Fighter Wing, based at Cheongju (F-35A)
      • 18th Fighter Wing, based at Gangneung (KF-5E/F)
      • 19th Fighter Wing, based at Chungju (KF-16, F-16)
      • 20th Fighter Wing, based at Seosan (KF-16)
      • 29th Tactical Fighter Weapons Group, based at Cheongju
      • 38th Fighter Group, based at Gunsan (KF-16)
    • Air Mobility & Reconnaissance Command
      • 3rd Flying Training Wing, based at Sacheon (KT-1)
      • 5th Air Mobility Wing, based at Gimhae (C-130, CN-235, KC-330)
      • 15th Special Missions Wing, based at Seongnam (C-130, CN-235)
      • 39th Reconnaissance Wing, based at Chungju (RF-16, RC-800)[11]
      • 6th Search & Rescue Air Group, based at Cheongju
        • 231st Search and Rescue Squadron
        • 233th Search and Rescue Squadron
        • 235th Search and Rescue Squadron
        • Special search and Rescue squad
      • 28th Flight Group
      • 51st Air Control Flight Group, based at Gimhae (E-737)
         
        Boeing 737 AEW&C aircraft of the Republic of Korea Air Force
    • Air & Missile Defense Command
      • 1st Air & Missile Defense Brigade
      • 2nd Air & Missile Defense Brigade
      • 3rd Air & Missile Defense Brigade[12]
    • Air Defense Control Command
      • 31st Air Defense Control Group (1MCRC)
      • 32nd Air Defense Control Group (2MCRC)
      • 33rd Air Defense Control Group
      • 34th Air Defense Control Group
  • Air Force Logistics Command
  • Air Force Education & Training Command
    • Basic Military Training Wing
    • Air Force Aviation Science High School
    • 1st Logistics School
    • 2nd Logistics School
    • Information Communication School
    • Administrative School
    • Air Defence Artillery School
    • Boramae Leadership Center
  • Air Force Academy

Current Major Projects 编辑

KF-X future fighter program 编辑

KF-X未来战斗机计划 主词条：KAI KF-21 Boramae 韩国航空航太工业公司 (KAI) KF-21 Boramae（北方苍鹰）是一款多用途 4.5 代战斗机，由韩国 KAI 和印尼 PT DI 制造。其性能介于轻型 FA-50 战斗机和高级远程重载 F-15K 和 F-35 Lightning II 之间。[12] [13]

主条目：KAI KF-21 Boramae

The Korea Aerospace Industries (KAI) KF-21 Boramae (Northern Goshawk) is a multi-role 4.5 generation fighter built By Korean KAI and Indonesian PT DI. It will have capabilities in between the light FA-50 fighter and the high-grade, long-range, heavy payload F-15K and F-35 Lightning II.[13][14]

Mid-altitude unmanned aerial vehicles (MUAV) 编辑

主词条：KUS-FS 男 自主开发的KUS-FS，绰号为MUAV或韩国无人系统（KUS-FS），设计用于武装陆地和海上情报、监视和侦察（ISR）任务，续航时间长达24小时。它于2012 年进行首飞。大韩航空航太部门(KAL-ASD) 于2019 年推出了配备LIG Nex1 SAR 和韩华光电/红外线感测器的MALE 无人机，计划于2021 年进行批量生产。据报道，它的翼展比“死神”更宽25 m，由 1200 hp Pratt & Whitney PT6 涡轮螺旋桨发动机提供动力。[14] [15] [16]韩国将在2025年之前开发出安装在高性能无人机上的涡轮扇发动机。[17]

主条目：KUS-FS MALE

The indigenously developed KUS-FS, nicknamed MUAV or Korean Unmanned System (KUS-FS), is designed for armed land and sea Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance (ISR) missions with endurance of up to 24 hours. Its maiden flight was in 2012. Korean Air's Aerospace Division (KAL-ASD) unveiled its MALE UAV in 2019 with LIG Nex1 SAR and Hanwha EO/IR sensors, aimed for serial production in 2021. It reportedly has a wider wingspan than the Reaper at 25 m and is powered by a 1200 hp Pratt & Whitney PT6 turboprop engine.[15][16][17] South Korea will develop turbofan engines to be installed in high-performance unmanned aerial vehicles by 2025.[18]

M-SAM Block II 编辑

2017 年春天，PIP 导弹（M-SAM Block II）开始了最后的测试，在此期间它击落了五个练习弹道导弹目标中的五个。计划到 2022 年在韩国各地部署 7 个（电池）。[18]

In the spring of 2017 the PIP missile (M-SAM Block II) began its final tests, during which it shot down five of five practice ballistic missile targets. Seven (batteries) are scheduled for deployment throughout South Korea by 2022.[19]

L-SAM 编辑

L-SAM是指目前正在开发的国产远程地对空导弹，而Cheolmae II，也称为KM-SAM，是国产中程地对空导弹，能够与高度高达 20 公里的来袭目标。新项目被昵称为“K-THAAD”，因为其计划射程为 25 至 93 英里，并且能够击中高达 200,000 英尺的目标。L-SAM 或 Cheolmae-4 已投入近 10 亿美元，计划于 2022 年完工，并在一两年后部署四个电池。[19]

L-SAM refers to a locally made long-range surface-to-air missile currently under development, while the Cheolmae II, also known as KM-SAM, is a domestically manufactured medium-range surface-to-air missile capable of engaging an incoming target at an altitude as high as 20 kilometers. The new project has been nicknamed the K-THAAD due to its planned long range of 25 to 93 miles and its ability to hit targets as high as 200,000 feet. Nearly $1 billion has been devoted to the L-SAM or Cheolmae-4, which is scheduled for completion in 2022 with deployment of four batteries to follow a year or two afterwards.[20]

Large Strategic Transport Aircraft 编辑

自2010年推出大型运输机C-130J-30超级大力士以来， [20]韩国空军宣布打算实施第二个大型战略运输机采购计划。[21] 国防采购计划管理局（DAPA）揭露了详细计划，概述了从海外采购四架飞机，整个计划耗资 4,800 亿韩元（3,700 万美元）。DAPA 也授权成立一个财团，让韩国公司参与飞机零件的生产。[22]

2023 年 3 月和 4 月，ROKAF、DAPA 和 KIDA（韩国国防分析研究所）对空中客车、巴西航空工业公司、洛克希德马丁等制造商进行了评估，作为采购评估的一部分。[23]三家制造商提交了空中客车 A400M Atlas、巴西航空工业公司 C-390 Millennium和洛克希德马丁公司 C-130J Super Hercules供第二个专案考虑。[23] 2023年12月，DAPA选择巴西航空工业公司 C-390 Millennium作为大型运输机（LTA）II招标的获胜者，并计划在2026年之前引进三架飞机。[24] [25]

2018年，除了第二个计划外，韩国政府也与西班牙政府就空中客车A400M Atlas更换KT-1 Woongbi基础教练机和T-50金鹰高级教练机的潜在交换进行讨论。[26]

Since the introduction of the C-130J-30 Super Hercules as a large transport aircraft in 2010,[21] ROKAF has announced its intention to implement a second project for the acquisition of large strategic transporters.[22] Defense Acquisition Program Administration (DAPA) has disclosed detailed plans, outlining the purchase of four aircraft from overseas, with the entire project costing 480 billion won (US$37 million). DAPA has also mandated the formation of a consortium, involving Korean companies in the production of aircraft components.[23]

Throughout March and April 2023, ROKAF, DAPA, and KIDA (the Korea Institute for Defense Analysis) conducted an assessment of manufacturers, including Airbus, Embraer, Lockheed Martin, as part of the procurement evaluation.[24] The three manufacturers submitted the Airbus A400M Atlas, Embraer C-390 Millennium, and Lockheed Martin C-130J Super Hercules for consideration in the second project.[24] In December 2023, DAPA selected the Embraer C-390 Millennium as the winner of the Large Transport Aircraft (LTA) II tender, and planning to introduce three units by 2026.[25][26]

In 2018, apart from the second project, the Korean government was in discussions with the Spanish government regarding a potential swap involving the Airbus A400M Atlas for the KT-1 Woongbi basic trainer and the T-50 Golden Eagle advanced trainer.[27]

Long Range Air Defense Radar 编辑

韩国国防采购计划管理局（DAPA）启动了一个开发本土远程防空雷达的计划。据该机构称，目前用于监控卡迪兹的外国制造雷达（洛克希德马丁公司 TPS-77）将从 2027 年开始逐步淘汰，并用新的国产设备取代。[27]

South Korea's Defense Acquisition Program Administration (DAPA) has launched a project to develop an indigenous long-range air defense radar. Foreign-manufactured radars (Lockheed Martin TPS-77) currently in use to monitor Kadiz will be phased out and replaced with new domestic equipment starting in 2027, according to the agency.[28]

Equipment 编辑

Aircraft 编辑

 
F-15K on landing
 
A FA-50 on first delivery
 
The air force operates the Kamov Ka-32A4s helicopter for CSAR
 
A F-16 Fighting Falcon on take off
Aircraft Origin Type Variant In service Notes
Combat Aircraft
F-4 Phantom II United States multirole F-4E 19[29] To be retired in 2024.[29]
F-5 Tiger II United States fighter F-5E 80 [30]
F-15E Strike Eagle United States multirole F-15K 59[31]
F-16 Fighting Falcon United States multirole KF-16C/U 118
KF-16D/U 49 Also provide conversion training[31]
F-35 Lightning II United States multirole F-35A 39[32] 20 on order[33]
T-50 Golden Eagle Republic of Korea light multirole FA-50 60[31]
AWACS
E-7 Peace Eye United States AEW&C E-737 4[31] Equipped with a MESA radar
Reconnaissance
Dassault Falcon France EW / ELINT 2000 2[31] 4 on order[34]
Hawker 800 United Kingdom reconnaissance / SIGINT RC-800s 8[31]
Tanker
Airbus A330 MRTT France refueling / transport KC-330 4[31]
Transport
Boeing 737 United States VIP 737-300 1[35]
Boeing 747 United States VIP 747-8I 1[36] Presidential transport operated as Code One leased from Korean Air
CASA CN-235 Spain / Indonesia transport / utility 18[31]
C-130 Hercules United States tactical airlifter C-130H 12[31]
C-130J Super Hercules United States tactical airlifter 4[31]
C-390 Millennium Brazil transport / utility 3 on order[37][38]
Helicopters
AS332 Super Puma France utility / transport 3[31]
Bell 412 United States utility 3[31]
CH-47 Chinook United States transport / CSAR HH-47D 9[31]
Kamov Ka-27 Russia CSAR Ka-32 7[31]
Sikorsky S-70 United States utility / CSAR HH-60P 17[31]
Sikorsky S-92 United States VIP 3[39]
Trainer Aircraft
KC-100 Naraon Republic of Korea trainer KT-100 23[31]
KT-1 Woongbi Republic of Korea trainer KT-1 103[31]
light attack KA-1
T-50 Golden Eagle Republic of Korea trainer T-50 72[31]
Aerobatic-specialized T-50B 10[31] Used by Black Eagles aerobatic team
LIFT TA-50 22[31] 20 Block II on order.[40]
UAV
RQ-4 Global Hawk United States surveillance 4[41]

Retired aircraft 编辑

 
Retired North American F-86F Sabre of the ROKAF on display

Previous aircraft operated by the Air Force consisted of the P-51 Mustang, North American F-86 Sabre, F-4 Phantom II, Curtiss C-46, Douglas C-47, Grumman S-2 Tracker, Lockheed T-33, BAe 748, Cessna T-37, Cessna A-37, North American T-28, North American T-6（국민성금 헌납기(T-6 건국기) (国民诚金 献纳机(T-6 建国机)）国民诚金 献纳机（朝鲜语：국민성금 헌납기）, Sikorsky H-19, and the Bell UH-1 Huey.[42][43][44]

Air Defence 编辑

The ROKAF Air Defence Artillery Command transferred from the Republic of Korea Army's air defense artillery and was established as a basic branch on 1 July 1991.[45]

Name Origin Type Variant In service Notes
Surface-to-air missile
MIM-104 Patriot United States ABM / SAM system PAC-3[46] 8 batteries[47]
KM-SAM Cheongung Republic of Korea medium range ABM / SAM system Block I 18 batteries[48]
Block II 1 (7 on order)[49]
Anti-aircraft artillery
M167 VADS Republic of Korea anti-aircraft gun KM167A3 200 20mm anti-aircraft gun
Man-portable air-defense system
KP-SAM Shingung Republic of Korea man-portable air-defense system 2,000

Military ranks 编辑

Officer ranks can be learned fairly easily if one sees the pattern. So equals small; Jung equals medium; Dae equals large. Jun equals the prefix sub-. Each of these is coupled with wi equals company grade, ryeong equals field grade, and jang equals general. This system is due to the hanja or Sino-Korean origin of the names.

Template:Ranks and Insignia of Non NATO Air Forces/OF/BlankTemplate:Ranks and Insignia of Non NATO Air Forces/OF/South Korea
Rank Group Warrant officer
  韩国[50]  
준위
Junwi
Rank group Non-commissioned officer Enlisted

Template:Ranks and Insignia of Non NATO Air Forces/OR/South Korea

Roundels 编辑

  •  
    2000–present
  •  
    2000–present
    (low-visibility)
  •  
    1951–2000
  •  
    1950s

See also 编辑

References 编辑

  1. ^ 2022 Defence White Paper (PDF). December 2022 [2023-02-16]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2023-02-16）. 
  2. ^ Slogan of Air Force. Republic of Korea Air Force. [2021-04-10]. （原始内容存档于2023-02-18）. 
  3. ^ 군가전 #1. 공군가. 대한민국공군. 29 August 2014 [28 March 2023]. （原始内容存档于18 February 2023） –通过YouTube. 
  4. ^ KY Karaoke (금영노래방 공식 유튜브 채널). [KY 금영노래방] 군가 - 공군가 (KY Karaoke No.KY4574). 12 December 2014 [2 September 2016]. （原始内容存档于17 February 2019） –通过YouTube.  已忽略未知参数|df= (帮助)
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 6・25戦争史 第1巻 (PDF). 国防部军事编纂研究所: 358. [2017-04-08] （韩国语）. 
  6. ^ Larsen, Stanley; Collins, Lawton. Allied Participation in Vietnam. Department of the Army. 1985: 131. ISBN 9781410225016.   本文含有此来源中属于公有领域的内容。
  7. ^ Korea Urged to Secure Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance Systems. 20 October 2009 [20 October 2009]. （原始内容存档于23 October 2009）.  已忽略未知参数|df= (帮助)
  8. ^ Hoyle, Craig. Seoul finalises $657 million Global Hawk purchase. flightglobal.com. 2014-12-17 [5 October 2015]. （原始内容存档于16 October 2015）.  已忽略未知参数|df= (帮助)
  9. ^ South Korean Air Force Inaugurates Space Operations Center. aviationweek.com. Aviation Week. [2 December 2021]. 
  10. ^ US, ROK, Japan hold first joint aerial drill despite North Korean warnings. NK News. October 23, 2023. 
  11. ^ [1] South Korea establishes new air force reconnaissance unit- airforce-technology.com, 03 Nov 2020
  12. ^ [2] 오세훈, 北 미사일 도발에 "스스로 누를 수 있는 핵 버튼 가져야", Daum, 20 December 2023
  13. ^ KAI KF-21 (KF-X). aviationweek.com. [11 October 2021]. 
  14. ^ South Korea rolls out prototype of its first indigenous fighter aircraft. janes.com. [11 October 2021]. 
  15. ^ South Korea highlights unmanned systems interest in latest defence spending plan. Janes.com. 14 August 2020. 
  16. ^ South Korean MND eyes KUS-FS UAV for RoKA Ground Operations Command. Janes.com. 30 March 2020. 
  17. ^ South Korean KUS-FS MALE UAS Continues Flight Trials. Uasweekly.com. 23 March 2018. 
  18. ^ S. Korea to develop indigenous turbofan engine by 2025. Yonhap News Agency. January 30, 2020. 
  19. ^ 한국형 패트리엇 '천궁' 양산 추진, KAMD 구축 '잰걸음' - edaily.co.kr, 7 February 2018
  20. ^ Meet South Korea's Very Own Killer S-300 Air Defense System - nationalinterest.org, 24 February 2019
  21. ^ 美대형수송기 C-130J-30 구매 확정 [Confirmation of purchasing the American large transporter C-130J-30]. Segye Ilbo. 20 February 2020 （韩语）. 
  22. ^ [단독] 공군 '오랜 숙원' 대형수송기 2차 사업 본격화 [[Exclusive] Korea Air Force 'long-cherished' large-scale transport aircraft 2nd project in earnest]. Bizhankook. 17 April 2020 （韩语）. 
  23. ^ 해병대 상륙공격헬기 국내 개발·대형수송기 국외구매 [Marine Corps landing attack helicopter developed in Korea and purchased large transportation airplanes overseas]. YTN News. 26 April 2021 （韩语）. 
  24. ^ 24.0 24.1 공군 대형 수송기 2차 사업, 美·유럽·브라질 '3파전'… 연내 기종 결정 [Korea Air Force large transporter 2nd project, America·Europe·Brazil 'Three-way war'… decide the type within a year]. News1. 24 June 2023 （韩语）. 
  25. ^ 軍 대형수송기 2차 기종, 美 아닌 브라질 C-390 선정 [Seconda large transport for the Air Force, selected Brazilian C-390 instead of American built]. Donga News. 5 December 2023 （韩语）. 
  26. ^ South Korea selects the Embraer C-390 Millennium (新闻稿). Embraer. 4 December 2023. 
  27. ^ Korea, Spain discuss swap deal between trainer, cargo jets: report. The Korea Times. 4 November 2018. 
  28. ^ Korea Orders Indigenous Long-range Air Defense Radars. www.ainonline.com. 9 February 2021. 
  29. ^ 29.0 29.1 Jeong, Chung-shin. 60∼90년대 하늘의 왕좌 ‘불멸의 도깨비’ F-4 팬텀 올해 완전 퇴역 [F-4 Phantom, the 'immortal goblin' of the sky's throne in the 60s and 90s, will be completely retired this year]. Munhwa Ilbo. 2024-01-25 [5 January 2024] （韩语）. 
  30. ^ Bae, Yong-jin. 조종사 잡는 F-5 퇴역 못 시키는 이유 [Why cannot the Air Force retire F-5, killing pilots]. weekly.chosun.com. 2022-01-25 [25 January 2024] （韩语）. 
  31. ^ 31.00 31.01 31.02 31.03 31.04 31.05 31.06 31.07 31.08 31.09 31.10 31.11 31.12 31.13 31.14 31.15 31.16 31.17 31.18 31.19 Hoyle, Craig. World Air Forces 2024. FlightGlobal. 2023 [15 January 2024]. 
  32. ^ Kim, Eun-jung. Air Force to retire F-35A damaged by bird strike. Yonhap News Agency. 2023-12-01 [2024-01-25]. 
  33. ^ South Korea Signs Major Contracts For F-35As, Attack Helicopters. aviationweek.com. 2023-12-28 [2024-01-25]. 
  34. ^ Giovanzanti, Alessandra. KAI to develop new ISR aircraft system for RoKAF under Baekdu-II project. janes.com. 2021-11-01 [2022-03-23]. 
  35. ^ WAF 2004 pg. 86. Flightglobal Insight. 2004 [4 October 2015]. 
  36. ^ Republic of Korea Air Force new Code One. Scramble.nl. 2022-01-18 [2024-01-23]. 
  37. ^ 軍 대형수송기 2차 기종, 美 아닌 브라질 C-390 선정 [Seconda large transport for the Air Force, selected Brazilian C-390 instead of American built]. Donga News. 5 December 2023 （韩语）. 
  38. ^ South Korea selects the Embraer C-390 Millennium (新闻稿). Embraer. 4 December 2023. 
  39. ^ Nedwick, Thomas; Rogoway, Tyler. Check Out South Korea’s Own VH-92 Presidential Helicopter. thedrive.com. 2022-04-13 [2024-01-23]. 
  40. ^ South Korea orders 20 TA-50 Block 2 training/light attack aircraft. www.janes.com. Janes. [29 June 2020]. 
  41. ^ US delivers fourth and final RQ-4 Global Hawk UAV to RoKAF. www.janes.com. Janes. [24 September 2021]. 
  42. ^ World Air Forces 1955 pg. 648. flightglobal.com. [5 October 2015]. （原始内容存档于20 August 2017）.  已忽略未知参数|df= (帮助)
  43. ^ World Air Forces 1973 pg. 152. flightglobal.com. [5 October 2015]. （原始内容存档于4 March 2016）.  已忽略未知参数|df= (帮助)
  44. ^ World Air Forces 1969 pg. 249. flightglobal.com. [5 October 2015]. （原始内容存档于20 August 2017）.  已忽略未知参数|df= (帮助)
  45. ^ 국가법령정보센터 - 법령 > 본문 - 공군방공포병사령부령. www.law.go.kr. [2013-05-25]. （原始内容存档于2014-12-17）. 
  46. ^ Deliveries of PAC-3 air-defence systems to RoKAF completed. www.janes.com. 14 December 2020. 
  47. ^ Trade Registers. Armstrade.sipri.org. Retrieved on 6 October 2015
  48. ^ 북 미사일 막을 방공망 촘촘해진다 [양낙규 군사전문기자]. www.asiae.co.kr/article 아시아경제. 19 August 2020 （韩语）. 
  49. ^ RoKAF receives first Cheongung-II M-SAM battery. www.janes.com. 26 November 2020. 
  50. ^ 引证错误：没有为名为law.go.kr的参考文献提供内容

External links 编辑

Template:South Korean armed forces Template:Air forces


参考资料 编辑


外部链接 编辑

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