女子地面军 (英国)
女子地面军(英语:Women's Land Army),由大帝英国农业部创办的制服组织,第一次世界大战战时运作,招聘25-26万名女性为农妇到农地作粗活,以填补300万男性(不少为农夫)被征兵带来的粮食生产问题。此等农妇通称“土地少女”(Land girls)。第二次世界大战再运作,由自愿改为征兵性质。制服起初为长裤,而1910年代长裤尚为男性专用,土地少女被视作女扮男装,农业部由此特意用大量女性化措辞将此职务宣传为女性的职业。[1]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Fordson_tractor_with_members_of_British_Women%27s_Land_Army_1940s.jpg/250px-Fordson_tractor_with_members_of_British_Women%27s_Land_Army_1940s.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Women%27s-Land-Army-1917.jpg/220px-Women%27s-Land-Army-1917.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Agriculture_in_Britain_during_the_First_World_War_Q30655.jpg/220px-Agriculture_in_Britain_during_the_First_World_War_Q30655.jpg)
著名土地少女包括女子地面军总负责人登曼女男爵(其夫为刚卸任的澳洲总督)与英国国会议员Joan Quennell。退役后未获政府承认,仅授“良好服务”缎带,2007年英国食品部正式承认,并向尚存老“兵”补颁徽章。[2]
引用文献
编辑- ^ Susan R. Grayzel, "Nostalgia, Gender, and The Countryside: Placing the 'Land Girl' in First World War Britain," Rural History (1998) 10#2 pp 155-170.
- ^ Women’s Land Army. UK National Archives. [2019-03-23]. (原始内容存档于2013-01-23).
参考书目
编辑- Bates, Martha. Snagging Turnips and Scaling Muck : The Women's Land Army in Westmorland Kendal Helm Press 2001 ISBN 0-9531836-9-6
- Kramer, Ann. Land Girls and their Impact, Remember When (2008), ISBN 978-1-84468-029-0.
- Rattray, Veronica. My Land Girl Years(页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), Athena Press (2009), ISBN 978-1-84748-526-7.
- Twinch, Carol. Women on the Land: Their story during two world wars, Lutterworth Press (1990), ISBN 978-0-7188-2814-1.
- Tyrer, Nicola They Fought in the Fields: The Women's Land Army: The Story of a Forgotten Victory, Mandarin (1997), ISBN 0-7493-2056-7.