藩市杂岩

藩市杂岩（英语：Franciscan complex）是指在美国加利福尼亚州海岸山脉的混杂沉积（英语：melange）^[1]。它的组成以轻度变质的杂砂岩（英语：graywacke）、页岩和砾岩为主，并夹有燧石、玄武岩、石灰岩、蛇纹岩，以及高压、低温变质的蓝片岩和榴辉岩^[2]^[3]。藩市杂岩基本是由变质和变形岩石的组合，它的成因与北美西海岸的中生代东倾俯冲带有关^[4]。当时加利福尼亚大陆边缘存在一条中生代深海海沟。这条海沟是中生代的法拉隆（英语：Farallon）洋壳板块，向北美大陆板块俯冲造成的。首先洋底玄武岩和沉积物随洋壳板块向下俯冲。后又被仰冲到大陆板块下方，这导致大范围变形，产生逆冲断层和褶皱，引起高压-低温区域变质作用^[1]^[5]。

参考文献

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 Ernst, W. G. (1970). "Tectonic contact between the Franciscan Mélange and the Great Valley Sequence—Crustal expression of a Late Mesozoic Benioff Zone". Journal of Geophysical Research. 75 (5): 886–901. Bibcode:1970JGR....75..886E. doi:10.1029/JB075i005p00886. ISSN 2156-2202
^ James O. Berkland (2), Loren A. Ray (1972). "What is Franciscan?".AAPG Bulletin.56.doi:10.1306/819a421a-16c5-11d7-8645000102c1865d.ISSN 0149-1423
^ Wahrhaftig, Clyde (1984).A Streetcar to Subduction and Other Plate Tectonic Trips by Public Transport in San Francisco. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union. doi:10.1029/sp022. ISBN 0875902340
^ HAMILTON, WARREN (1969). "Mesozoic California and the Underflow of Pacific Mantle".Geological Society of America Bulletin.80(12): 2409. Bibcode:1969GSAB...80.2409H. doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1969)80[2409:mcatuo]2.0.co;2. ISSN 0016-7606
^ Wakabayashi, John (1992-01-01). "Nappes, Tectonics of Oblique Plate Convergence, and Metamorphic Evolution Related to 140 Million Years of Continuous Subduction, Franciscan Complex, California". The Journal of Geology. 100 (1): 19–40. Bibcode:1992JG....100...19W. doi:10.1086/629569. ISSN 0022-1376. S2CID 140552742)

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[”Ernst”-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Ernst, W. G. (1970). "Tectonic contact between the Franciscan Mélange and the Great Valley Sequence—Crustal expression of a Late Mesozoic Benioff Zone". Journal of Geophysical Research. 75 (5): 886–901. Bibcode:1970JGR....75..886E. doi:10.1029/JB075i005p00886. ISSN 2156-2202

[”Berkland”-2] James O. Berkland (2), Loren A. Ray (1972). "What is Franciscan?".AAPG Bulletin.56.doi:10.1306/819a421a-16c5-11d7-8645000102c1865d.ISSN 0149-1423

[”Wahrhaftig”-3] Wahrhaftig, Clyde (1984).A Streetcar to Subduction and Other Plate Tectonic Trips by Public Transport in San Francisco. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union. doi:10.1029/sp022. ISBN 0875902340

[”Hamilton”-4] HAMILTON, WARREN (1969). "Mesozoic California and the Underflow of Pacific Mantle".Geological Society of America Bulletin.80(12): 2409. Bibcode:1969GSAB...80.2409H. doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1969)80[2409:mcatuo]2.0.co;2. ISSN 0016-7606

[”Wakabayashi”-5] Wakabayashi, John (1992-01-01). "Nappes, Tectonics of Oblique Plate Convergence, and Metamorphic Evolution Related to 140 Million Years of Continuous Subduction, Franciscan Complex, California". The Journal of Geology. 100 (1): 19–40. Bibcode:1992JG....100...19W. doi:10.1086/629569. ISSN 0022-1376. S2CID 140552742)

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