电磁极化子
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电磁极化子是一种玻色子准粒子(不应与极子,一种费米子准粒子混淆)。它是由电磁波之间的强烈耦合以及带有电偶极子或磁偶极子的激发作用中诞生,是能级回避交叉现象的一种表现。
电磁极化子描述了光的色散与产生交互作用的共振的交叉,在此情况下其可被视作新的简正模,形成于特定物质或结构的模的强烈耦合,即光子和偶极振荡。
在弱耦合近似条件不成立的情况下,光子在晶体自由传播的模型并不充分。电磁极化子的一个主要特征是其与光在晶体的传播速度(光子的频率)的强烈关联。
历史
编辑1929年勒维·通克斯及欧文·兰米尔观察到等离化气体的振荡。[1]而电磁极化子的概念则最初由Kirill Tolpygo所考虑到,他在1950年得出离子晶体中声子与电磁波的耦合状态及其色散的关联,即声子-电磁极化子。[2][3]黄昆也在1951年独立得出此成果。[4][5]它在苏联被称为光-激子(Light-exciton),现今的通用名称则由约翰·霍普菲尔德所改。
1968年安德里亚斯·奥托首次发表有关表面等离极化激元的论文。[6]在2016年的意大利国家研究院以有机微腔器件观察到室温中的超流体弗伦克尔激子-电磁极化子。[7]在2018年2月发现了新的三光子形态,并可能形成电磁极化子;此发现有助量子电脑的发展。[8][9]
种类
编辑参考文献
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- ^ Tolpygo, K.B. Physical properties of a rock salt lattice made up of deformable ions. Zhurnal Eksperimentalnoi I Teoreticheskoi Fiziki (J. Exp. Theor. Phys.). 1950, 20 (6): 497–509, in Russian.
- ^ K.B. Tolpygo, "Physical properties of a rock salt lattice made up of deformable ions," Zh. Eks.Teor. Fiz. vol. 20, No. 6, pp. 497–509 (1950), English translation: Ukrainian Journal of Physics, vol. 53, special issue (2008); Archived copy (PDF). [2015-10-15]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2015-12-08).
- ^ Huang, Kun. Lattice vibrations and optical waves in ionic crystals. Nature. 1951, 167 (4254): 779–780. Bibcode:1951Natur.167..779H. doi:10.1038/167779b0.
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- ^ Hignett, Katherine. Physics Creates New Form Of Light That Could Drive The Quantum Computing Revolution. Newsweek. 16 February 2018 [17 February 2018]. (原始内容存档于2021-04-25).
- ^ Liang, Qi-Yu; et al. Observation of three-photon bound states in a quantum nonlinear medium. Science. 16 February 2018, 359 (6377): 783–786. Bibcode:2018Sci...359..783L. arXiv:1709.01478 . doi:10.1126/science.aao7293.
- ^ Eradat N., et al. (2002) Evidence for braggoriton excitations in opal photonic crystals infiltrated with highly polarizable dyes, Appl. Phys. Lett. 80: 3491.
- ^ Yuen-Zhou, Joel; Saikin, Semion K.; Zhu, Tony; Onbasli, Mehmet C.; Ross, Caroline A.; Bulovic, Vladimir; Baldo, Marc A. Plexciton Dirac points and topological modes. Nature Communications. 2016-06-09, 7: 11783. Bibcode:2016NatCo...711783Y. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 4906226 . PMID 27278258. arXiv:1509.03687 . doi:10.1038/ncomms11783 (英语).
- ^ Klingshirn, Claus F. Semiconductor Optics 4. Springer. 2012-07-06: 105 [2019-11-15]. ISBN 978-364228362-8. (原始内容存档于2019-04-10).
- Fano, U. Atomic Theory of Electromagnetic Interactions in Dense Materials. Physical Review. 1956, 103 (5): 1202–1218. Bibcode:1956PhRv..103.1202F. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.103.1202.
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