ABC (编程语言)

ABC
编程范型	多范式：指令式、过程式、结构化
设计者	里奥·格茨（Leo Geurts）; 兰伯特·梅尔滕斯（英语：Lambert Meertens）; 史蒂文·彭伯顿（英语：Steven Pemberton）
实现者	荷兰数学和计算机科学研究学会
发行时间	1987年1月，37年前
类型系统	强类型, 多态
操作系统	类Unix, Windows, MacOS, Atari TOS
网站	homepages.cwi.nl/~steven/abc/
启发语言
	SETL, ALGOL 68
影响语言
	Python

ABC是一种指令式通用编程语言和编程环境，最初由荷兰数学和计算机科学研究学会（CWI）的里奥·格茨（Leo Geurts）、兰伯特·梅尔滕斯（英语：Lambert Meertens）与史蒂文·彭伯顿（英语：Steven Pemberton）开发。它是指令式、结构化的高级语言，意图用来取代BASIC、Pascal与AWK，它的设计目标是用于教学或建立原型，而非用作一种系统编程语言。

ABC语言对Python语言有着主要的影响，Python的创立者吉多·范罗苏姆在1982年至1986年间参与了ABC系统的设计与实现工作^[2]^[3]。

特征

ABC的设计者声称，典型的ABC程序的大小只是等价的Pascal或C程序的四分之一，并且更加具有可读性。它的关键特征包括：

只有五种基本数据类型。
不要求变量声明。
显式的支持自上而下编程。
语句嵌套通过越位规则使用缩进来指示。
任意精度算术，无大小限制的列表和字符串，支持正交性（英语：Orthogonality (programming)）和初学者易用性的其他特征。

ABC最初是一个单体实现，导致它不能适配新的需求，比如建立图形用户界面。ABC不能直接访问底层文件系统和操作系统。

完全的ABC系统包括了使用结构编辑器（英语：Structure editor）（语法导向编辑器）、提示、持久变量和多工作空间的编程环境，并可获得到ABC的解释器/编译器，其当前版本是1.05.02，它已经移植到了Unix、DOS、Atari和Apple Macintosh。

例子

一个函数words，它在文档中收集出所有单词的集合：

HOW TO RETURN words document:
   PUT {} IN collection
   FOR line IN document:
      FOR word IN split line:
         IF word not.in collection:
            INSERT word IN collection
   RETURN collection

引用

^ "He was clearly influenced by ALGOL 68's philosophy of providing constructs that can be combined in many different ways to produce all sorts of different data structures or ways of structuring a program." - Guido van Rossum Federico Biancuzzi; Shane Warden. Masterminds of Programming: Conversations with the Creators of Major Programming Languages. O'Reilly Media. April 2009: 32 [December 14, 2009]. ISBN 0-596-51517-0.
^ Hamilton, Naomi. The A-Z of Programming Languages: Python. Computerworld (IDG Communications). 2008-05-08 [2020-09-04]. （原始内容存档于2023-03-21）. Being youthful at the time I figured I could design and implement a language "almost, but not quite, entirely unlike" ABC, improving upon ABC's deficiencies, and solve our support applications problem, so around Christmas 1989, I started hacking.
^ Stewart, Bruce. An Interview with Guido van Rossum. ONLamp.com. O’Reilly Media. 2002-06-04 [2020-09-04]. （原始内容存档于2013-03-13）. I had been part of the ABC development team in the early ‘80s, and in my head I had analyzed some of the reasons it had failed.

参考文献

本条目部分或全部内容出自以GFDL授权发布的《自由在线电脑词典》（FOLDOC）。

外部链接

A Short Introduction to the ABC Language（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
ABC Programmer's Handbook（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）

[1] "He was clearly influenced by ALGOL 68's philosophy of providing constructs that can be combined in many different ways to produce all sorts of different data structures or ways of structuring a program." - Guido van Rossum Federico Biancuzzi; Shane Warden. Masterminds of Programming: Conversations with the Creators of Major Programming Languages. O'Reilly Media. April 2009: 32 [December 14, 2009]. ISBN 0-596-51517-0.

[2] Hamilton, Naomi. The A-Z of Programming Languages: Python. Computerworld (IDG Communications). 2008-05-08 [2020-09-04]. （原始内容存档于2023-03-21）. Being youthful at the time I figured I could design and implement a language "almost, but not quite, entirely unlike" ABC, improving upon ABC's deficiencies, and solve our support applications problem, so around Christmas 1989, I started hacking.

[3] Stewart, Bruce. An Interview with Guido van Rossum. ONLamp.com. O’Reilly Media. 2002-06-04 [2020-09-04]. （原始内容存档于2013-03-13）. I had been part of the ABC development team in the early ‘80s, and in my head I had analyzed some of the reasons it had failed.

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