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用户:TongcyDai/So help me God

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So help me God是常用于誓词中的一个词组，最常见于就职宣誓中。这个词组也用在某些司法管辖区作为宣誓等形式的公共责任，如在法庭上露面，服务为陪审员等形式 It is also used in some jurisdictions as a form of oath for other forms of public duty, such as an appearance in court, service as a juror, etc.。中文可略译为“愿上帝帮助我”。

The essence of the phrase is to emphasize that one means what one is saying or has said.[1] It therefore implies greater care than usual in the act of the performance of one's duty, such as in testimony to the facts of the matter in a court of law.

The use of the phrase implies a greater degree of seriousness and obligation than is usually assigned to common conversation. See the discussion on oaths for more details.

澳大利亚

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澳大利亚联邦宪法第四章第42条规定了有关忠诚宣誓（英语：Oath of Allegiance (Australia)）的内容[2]。忠诚宣誓共有两种，其中一种的句尾即为“So help me God”[3]。

加拿大

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加拿大的忠诚宣誓、就职宣誓与枢密院议员宣誓的句尾皆有“So help me God”；但若宣誓者选择“确认”他们的誓言，即将誓词中的“发誓”（swear）换成“宣告”（declare），则So help me God可以省略。[4]

克罗地亚

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In Croatia, the text of presidential oath, which is defined by the Presidential Elections Act amendments of 1997 (Article 4), ends with "Tako mi Bog pomogao" (So help me God).[5][6]

In 2009, concerns about the phrase infringing on Constitution of Croatia were raised. Constitutional Court of Croatia ruled them out in 2017, claiming that it is compatible with constitution and secular state.[7][8][9] The court said the phrase is in neither direct nor indirect relation to any religious beliefs of the elected president. It doesn't represent a theist or religious belief and does not stop the president in any way from expressing any other religious belief. Saying the phrase while taking the presidential oath does not force a certain belief on the President and does not infringe on their religious freedoms.[9]

斐济

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The Constitution of Fiji, Chapter 17 requires this phrase for the oath of allegiance, and before service to the republic from the President's office or Vice-President's office, a ministerial position, or a judicial position.

法国

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In medieval France, tradition held that when the Duke of Brittany or other royalty entered the city of Rennes, they would proclaim "Et qu'ainsi Dieu me soit en aide."[10]

新西兰

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In New Zealand the Oath of Allegiance is available in English or Maori in two forms, one an oath containing the phrase 'so help me God' and the other an affirmation which does not. The Police Act 1958 and the Oaths Modernisation Bill still includes the phrase.[来源请求]

波兰

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The Polish phrase is "Tak mi dopomóż Bóg" or "Tak mi, Boże, dopomóż." It has been used in most version of the Polish Army oaths, however other denominations use different phrases.

菲律宾

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In the Oath of Office of the President of the Philippines, the phrase "So help me God" (Filipino: Kasihan nawâ ako ng Diyos) is mandatory, though the phrase can be omitted voluntarily, in which case it would become an affirmation instead of an oath.[11] An affirmation, however, has exactly the same legal effect as an oath.

英国

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The Oath of Allegiance set out in the Promissory Oaths Act 1868 ends with this phrase, and is required to be taken by various office-holders.

香港

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Laws of Hong Kong - Oaths and Declarations Ordinance, Chapter 11 (PDF).  已忽略未知参数|Publisher=（建议使用|publisher=） (帮助)

美国

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In the United States, the No Religious Test Clause requires that "no religious test shall ever be required as a qualification to any office or public trust under the United States." Regardless of that, there are federal oaths which do include the phrase "So help me God", such as for justices and judges in 美国法典第28编（英语：Title 28 of the United States Code） § 第453节.[12]

The phrase "So help me God" is prescribed in oaths as early as the Judiciary Act of 1789, for U.S. officers other than the President. The act makes the semantic distinction between an affirmation and an oath.[13] The oath, religious in essence, includes the phrase "so help me God" and "[I] swear". The affirmation uses "[I] affirm". Both serve the same purpose and are described as one (i.e. "... solemnly swear, or affirm, that ...") [14]

总统宣誓

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主条目：Oath of office of the President of the United States

There is no law that requires Presidents to use a Bible or to add the words "So help me God" at the end of the oath. Historian John R. Alden maintains that George Washington himself added the phrase to the end after administration of his first oath.[15] However, all Presidents since Franklin D. Roosevelt have used this phrase, according to Marvin Pinkert, executive director of the National Archives Experience.[16]

公民宣誓

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The United States Oath of Citizenship (officially referred to as the "Oath of Allegiance", 8 C.F.R. Part 337 (2008)), taken by all immigrants who wish to become United States citizens, includes the phrase "so help me God"; however 8 CFR 337.1 provides that the phrase is optional.

军队

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The Enlistment oath and officer's Oath of Office both contain this phrase. Normally, it is not required to be said if the speaker has a personal or moral objection, as is true of all oaths administered by the United States government.[来源请求] However, a change in October 2013 to Air Force Instruction 36-2606[17] made it mandatory to include the phrase during Air Force enlistments/reenlistments. This change has made the instruction "consistent with the language mandated in 10 USC 502".[18] The Air Force announced on September 17, 2014, that it revoked this previous policy change, allowing anyone to omit "so help me God" from the oath.[19]

州法律

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主条目：No religious test clause § State law

Some of the states have specified that the words "so help me God" were used in oath of office, and also required of jurors, witnesses in court, notaries public, and state employees. Where this is still the case, there is the possibility of a court challenge over eligibility, as the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in Torcaso v. Watkins, 367 U.S. 488 (1961), that such state-law requirements violate citizens' rights under the federal Constitution. Alabama, Connecticut, Delaware, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Massachusetts, Mississippi, New Mexico, North Carolina, Texas, and Virginia still require "so help me God" as part of the oath to public office. Maryland and South Carolina did include it, but both have been successfully challenged in court. Other states, including New Hampshire, North Dakota, and Rhode Island, allow exceptions or optional phrases. In Wisconsin, the specific language of the oath has been repealed.[20]

德国

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德语中相对应的句子为“so wahr mir Gott helfe”，如以下1935年11月9日（纳粹德国时期）启用的《党卫队誓词》：[21]

Ich schwöre Dir, Adolf Hitler, als Führer und Kanzler des Deutschen Reiches, Treue und Tapferkeit. Ich gelobe Dir und den von Dir bestimmten Vorgesetzten Gehorsam bis in den Tod! So wahr mir Gott helfe!

译文：

“我宣誓：我将忠诚于德意志国和人民的领袖阿道夫·希特勒，遵守法律并忠诚履行我的职责，愿上帝帮助我！”

又如当时的《公职人员誓词》（Diensteid der öffentlichen Beamten）[22]：

Ich schwöre: Ich werde dem Führer des Deutschen Reiches und Volkes Adolf Hitler treu und gehorsam sein, die Gesetze beachten, und meine Amtspflichten gewissenhaft erfüllen, so wahr mir Gott helfe.

译文：

“我宣誓：我将忠于并顺从德意志帝国的领导人和阿道夫·希特勒，遵守法律并认真履行我的公务，愿上帝帮助我。”

参考资料

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  1. ^ Oxford English Dictionary: So help me (God)
  2. ^ The Constitution. Federal Register of Legislation. 
  3. ^ Oath of Allegiance. 
  4. ^ Oaths of office （英语）. 
  5. ^ Zakon o izmjenama i dopunama zakona o izboru predsjednika Republike Hrvatske [President of the Croatia Election Act Amendments] (PDF). State Electoral Commission. 1 July 1997. 
  6. ^ Zakon o izmjenama i dopunama Zakona o izboru predsjednika Republike Hrvatske (NN 71/97.)
  7. ^ Poklič iz predsjedničke prisege ne ugrožava sekularni karakter Republike Hrvatske - Jutarnji.hr. Jutarnji.hr. 2017-07-25 [2017-07-25]. 
  8. ^ Poklič "tako mi Bog pomogao" ne ugrožava sekularnost RH. N1. 2017-07-25 [2017-07-25]. 
  9. ^ 9.0 9.1 Ustavni sud je odlučio: "Tako mi Bog pomogao" je dio predsjedničke zakletve. Index.hr. 2017-07-25 [2017-07-25]. 
  10. ^ Bulletin et mémoires de la Société archéologique du département d'Ille-et-Vilaine
  11. ^ Constitution of the Philippines (1987). (2010, November 10). In Wikisource, The Free Library. Retrieved 19:51, December 31, 2010, from http://en.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=Constitution_of_the_Philippines_(1987)&oldid=2191074
  12. ^ https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/28/453-"
  13. ^ Judiciary Act of 1789, Sec. 7. Accessed 2013-07-04.
  14. ^ Judiciary Act of 1789, Sec. 7. Accessed 2009-01-24.
  15. ^ Alden, John R. George Washington, a Biography. Norwalk: Easton Press. 1993. 
  16. ^ Interview with NPR's Morning Edition, see Where Does The Oath Of Office Come From?. Morning Edition. 2009-01-14. .
  17. ^ AFI 36-2606 (PDF). 
  18. ^ Losey, Stephen. Group: Airman denied reenlistment for refusing to say 'so help me God'. Air Force Times. 4 September 2014 [18 December 2018]. 
  19. ^ Victor, Philip J. Atheist airman can re-enlist without religious oath after policy change. Al Jazeera. Al Jazeera America, LLC. [19 September 2014]. 
  20. ^ [1]
  21. ^ Heinrich Himmler: Die Schutzstaffel (SS) als antibolschewistische Kampforganisation, 1937, S. 15..
  22. ^ Vereidigung auf Adolf Hitler. 
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