淡香水
淡香水(法语:Eau de toilette,法语:[o d(ə) twalɛt])是一类气味较为轻微的香水[1][2][3]。也常被称作“芳香水”并含有一定量的酒精[4]。通常会直接在沐浴后涂抹于皮肤上[5][6]。
淡香水命名时常会加上其中的主要成份,例如天竺葵水中的天竺葵、薰衣水中的薰衣草等[7]。因为常用花作为原料,因此也常被称作“花香水”[8][9][10][11]。
历史
编辑14世纪波兰的伊莉莎白(1305-1380)发明了一种混合酒精的芳香油来涂抹皮肤[12]。这大约就是“匈牙利水”,即最早的淡香水[13],也是古龙水的前身[14]。传说年届七十且身体欠佳的女王在使用了这种香水后竟恢复了健康。此外,匈牙利水还含有迷迭香成份[15]。
酒精
编辑一般会使用一些溶剂来溶解香油,但其必要性存在争议。而大多数溶剂都是乙醇或乙醇与水的混合物,乙醇也可以起到扩散剂的作用,使得香水的香味更容易被人嗅到。相对含有3-5%芳香油、80-90%的酒精和15%的水的古龙水来说,淡香水的酒精浓度低得多,一般只有60-80%,而芳香油则一般有2-8%[16]。因此也被当做是一种稀释过的古龙水或浓香水[17][18]。传统上古龙水都含有柑橘油和芳香物质,但淡香水并没有类似要求[19][20]。
健康
编辑一些淡香水被认为可以滋润皮肤并有一些其他的医疗价值[21][22][23]。1905年的《Medical Record》曾报导说喷洒淡香水可以恢复人们的精力[24][25]。14至16世纪有一类淡香水被认为有驱除黑死病的功效[13][26]。
参见
编辑参考资料
编辑- ^ The Free Dictionary definition. [2013-12-31]. (原始内容存档于2021-03-06).
- ^ MacMillan Dictionary
- ^ Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary definition. [2013-12-31]. (原始内容存档于2010-08-24).
- ^ Cristiani, p. 117
- ^ toilet water term meaning. [2013-12-31]. (原始内容存档于2018-03-06).
- ^ Distinguishing Colognes, Perfumes, Scents, & Toilet Waters. [2013-12-31]. (原始内容存档于2021-01-26).
- ^ Ebert, p. 304
- ^ Lawless, p. 39
- ^ Baker, p. 262
- ^ Fettner, p. 102
- ^ Cox, p. 118
- ^ 12.0 12.1 Sherrow, p. 125 King Louis XIV (1638-1715) had his shirts scented with toilet water that included aloewood, rosewood, orangle flower, musk, and spices. The concoction was called "heavenly water" ...
- ^ 13.0 13.1 Stoddart, p. 154
- ^ Müller, p. 348
- ^ The History of Perfume 互联网档案馆的存档,存档日期2015-02-08.
- ^ Groom, p. 329
- ^ eau de toil definition from the online Free Dictionary. [2013-12-31]. (原始内容存档于2021-02-20).
- ^ Thesaurus online dictionary. [2013-12-31]. (原始内容存档于2017-08-30).
- ^ Grolier, p. 154
- ^ Consumer reports, pp. 409-411
- ^ Better Nutrition magazine, Nov 1999, p. 34
- ^ Hiss, pp. 918-919
- ^ Frank, p. 414
- ^ Dewey, p. 55
- ^ Interstate druggist, Volume 7, page 333. [2013-12-31]. (原始内容存档于2014-01-14).
- ^ Dictionary of Traded Goods and Commodities, 1550-1820 by Nancy Cox and Karin Dannehl. [2013-12-31]. (原始内容存档于2014-11-29).
参考文献
编辑- Baker, William Henry, A dictionary of men's wear..., W. H. Baker, 1908
- Better Nutrition magazine, Nov 1999, Vol. 61, No. 11, ISSN 0405-668X, Published by Active Interest Media, Inc.
- Consumer reports, Volumes 25-26, Consumers Union of United States, 1960
- Cox, Nancy C., Perceptions of retailing in early modern England, Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., 2007, ISBN 0-7546-3771-9
- Cristiani, Richard S., Perfumery and kindred arts: A comprehensive treatise on perfumery, H. C. Baird, 1877
- Dewey, Willis Alonzo, Medical century, Volume 14, Medical Century Company., 1906
- Ebert, Albert Ethelbert, The Standard formulary, G.P. Engelhard & Co., 1897
- Fettner, Ann Tucker, Potpourri, incense, and other fragrant concoctions, Workman Pub. Co., 1977, ISBN 0-911104-97-6
- Grolier, The New book of knowledge, Grolier, 1986, ISBN 0-7172-0517-7
- Groom, Nigel, The new perfume handbook, Springer, 1997, ISBN 0-7514-0403-9
- Hiss, A. Emil, The new standard formulary:, G.P. Engelhard, 1910
- Müller, Peter M., Perfumes: art, science, and technology, Springer, 1994, ISBN 0-7514-0157-9
- Sherrow, Victoria, For appearance' sake: the historical encyclopedia of good looks, beauty, and grooming, Greenwood Publishing Group, 2001, ISBN 1-57356-204-1
- Stoddart, David Michael, The scented ape: the biology and culture of human odour, Cambridge University Press, 1990, ISBN 0-521-39561-5