演讲台
演讲台（Rostra）是古罗马的一个平台，长官、政治家、倡导者和其他演讲者在上面向聚集的罗马人民演说，进行刑事审判。最初的演讲台由占卜师诸圣成为一座神庙（templum），在罗马共和国时期位于古罗马广场附近的户外集会场（Comitium），早在公元前4世纪已经建成。这个演讲台历经重建、搬迁，扩大了若干倍。最后的变化发生在凯撒重新安排元老院的地位时，另外新建了一个演讲台来取代它。他的继任者奥古斯都完成了恺撒开始的，最终被称为Rostra Vetera，以区别于后来在罗马帝国时期的数次扩建。
参考文献
编辑- Arnold, Thomas. The History of Rome. New York: D. Appleton & Company. 1861.
- Goldsworthy, Adrian. Caesar: Life of a Colossus. New Haven and London: Yale University Press. 2006. ISBN 0-300-12048-6.
- Hornblower, Simon; Spawforth, Anthony, editors. The Oxford Classical Dictionary. Third Edition. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. 1996. ISBN 0-19-866172-X.
- Lintott, Andrew. The Constitution of the Roman Republic. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 1999. ISBN 0199261083.
- Millar, Fergus. The Crowd in Late Republican Rome. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. 1998. ISBN 0-472-10892-1.
- Morstein-Marx, Robert. Mass Oratory and Political Power in the Late Roman Republic. New York: Cambridge University Press. 2004. ISBN 0521823277.
- Nichols, Francis Morgan. The Roman Forum. London: Longmans and Co. 1877. ISBN 9781437320961.
- Powell, Jonathan; Paterson, Jeremy, editors. Cicero the Advocate. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2004. ISBN 0-19-815280-9.
- Stambaugh, John E. The Ancient Roman City. Baltimore and London: Johns Hopkins University Press. 1988. ISBN 0-8018-3692-1.
外部链接
编辑- Plan showing location in the Forum Romanum （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
- Coin depicting the ships prows attached to the rostra, and photograph showing the length of the rostra
- Further on the history of the rostra in the Forum Romanum （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
- Graphic reconstruction of the view of the rostra with the ships prows