耳螺科
耳螺目的一科软体动物
耳螺科（学名：Ellobiidae），亦作耳蜗牛科[3]，是腹足纲耳螺总科（学名：Ellobioidea）之下的一个科[4]。耳螺科物种体型细小，皆可呼吸空气。旧属原始有肺目或基眼目的松螺总科[5][6]，之后耳螺科改属耳螺总科[7]:6。2005年《布歇特和洛克罗伊的腹足类分类》，整个耳螺总科仍被归到基眼类非正式群组[4]。在2017年《布歇特等人的腹足类分类》，耳螺科联同另外两个科共同组成耳螺目[8]。
耳螺科
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| A live but retracted individual of Laemodonta siamensis on a human hand. A partially torn epiphragm of dried mucus is visible in the aperture of the shell | |
科学分类 
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| 界： | 动物界 Animalia |
| 门： | 软体动物门 Mollusca |
| 纲： | 腹足纲 Gastropoda |
| 目： | 耳螺目 Ellobiida |
| 总科： | 耳螺总科 Ellobioidea Pfeiffer, 1854 |
| 科： | 耳螺科 Ellobiidae Pfeiffer, 1854 |
| 多样性[1] | |
| 约有250个有效物种 | |
| 异名[2] | |
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Melampidae Stimpson, 1851 | |
型态描述
编辑本科物种螺壳的一大特征，除了其耳状的螺壳外，还有其锯齿状的壳口[9]。
分布及栖息地
编辑本科物种遍布全世界，但仍主要集中于印度洋-西太平洋海域[9]。部分物种嗜盐，常栖息在河口半淡咸水域[10]或红树林的高潮区、盐沼地等范围[9]。尽管本科物种可呼吸空气，而事实上在热带亦有部分物种可完全营陆生，但其馀物种仍不时要返回海水里[9]，所以WoRMS指本科物种的栖息环境同时包括海洋、咸淡水交界及陆生[2]。
系统分类
编辑属
编辑截至2018年8月28日[update]，WoRMS纪录本科包括以下各个亚科与属[2]：
- 罂粟蜗牛亚科 Carychiinae Jeffreys, 1830，果瓣螺亚科
- 小罂粟蜗牛属 Carychiella Strauch, 1977
- † Carychiopsis Sandberger, 1872
- 罂粟蜗牛属 Carychium O.F. Müller, 1773，异名：Auricella Jurine, 1817， Auriculina Moquin-Tandon, 1856和Saraphia Risso, 1826，果瓣螺属
- Koreozospeum Jochum & Prozorova, 2015
- † Protocarychium Pan, 1982
- Zospeum Bourguignat, 1856，异名：Speozoum Hamann, 1896
- 耳螺亚科 Ellobiinae L. Pfeiffer, 1854 (1822)
- Auriculinella Tausch, 1886，异名： Leuconia Gray, 1840和Leucopepla Peile, 1926
- Blauneria Shuttleworth, 1854
- 耳螺属 Ellobium Röding, 1798，异名：AuriculaLamarck, 1799， AuriculinaKobelt, 1898， Auriculodes Strand, 1928，Auriculus Montfort, 1810， Autonoe Guppy, 1868，Autonoella Wenz, 1947， Geovula Swainson, 1840
- Leucophytia Winckworth, 1949
- † Stolidomopsis Sandberger, 1875
- 尖耳螺亚科 Melampinae Stimpson, 1851 (1850)
- Detracia Gray, 1840
- 尖耳螺属 Melampus Montfort, 1810：嗜盐。，异名Conovulus Lamarck, 1816， Pira H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855，Tifata H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855
- Tralia Gray, 1840
- 异耳螺属 Allochroa Ancey, 1887：嗜盐。
- 金耳螺属 Auriculastra Martens, 1880：嗜盐。异名：Cylindrotis Möllendorff, 1895
- 冠耳螺属 Cassidula Férussac, 1821：又名鼬耳螺属，嗜盐。异名：Cassidulella ！Thiele, 1934， Cassidulina Thiele, 1931， Rhodostoma Swainson, 1840
- 肋耳螺属 Laemodonta Philippi, 1846
- Myosotella Monterosato, 1906：嗜盐。
- 皱耳螺属 Ophicardelus Beck, 1838：嗜盐。
- Ovatella Bivona-Bernardi, 1832
- Pleuroloba Hyman, Rouse & Ponder, 2005
- 女教士螺属 Pythia Röding, 1798：嗜盐。
- 异名：
» Genus Alexia Leach in Gray, 1847 accepted as Myosotella Monterosato, 1906 (Invalid: junior homonym of Alexia Stephens, 1833 [Coleoptera]; Nealexia is a replacement name) » Genus Jaminia T. Brown, 1827 accepted as Myosotella Monterosato, 1906 » Genus Kochia Pallary, 1900 accepted as Myosotella Monterosato, 1906 (Invalid: junior homonym of Kochia Frech, 1891 [Bivalvia]) » Genus Laimodonta H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855 accepted as Laemodonta Philippi, 1846 » Genus Melosidula B.J. Smith & Kershaw, 1979 accepted as Cassidula (Cassidula) Férussac, 1821 represented as Cassidula Férussac, 1821 » Genus Monica H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855 accepted as Ovatella Bivona-Bernardi, 1832 » Genus Nealexia Wenz, 1920 accepted as Myosotella Monterosato, 1906 » Genus Phytia accepted as Pythia Röding, 1798 (Incorrect subsequent spelling) » Genus Plecotrema H. Adams & A. Adams, 1854 accepted as Laemodonta (Laemodonta) Philippi, 1846 represented as Laemodonta Philippi, 1846 » Genus Scarabus Montfort, 1810 accepted as Pythia Röding, 1798
- 扁耳螺属 Pythia Röding, 1798：扁耳螺亚科的模式属。
- 花豹耳螺 Pythia pantherina (A. Adams)[12]
- 厚皮耳螺 Pythia pachyodon Pilsbry et Hirase[12]
- 扁耳螺属 Pythia Röding, 1798：扁耳螺亚科的模式属。
- subfamily Zaptychiinae †
- Zaptychius Walcott, 1883 † ：本亚科的模式属。
- 亚科地位未定
- Genus Juramarinula Bandel, 1991 †
- Genus Leopoldium Bandel & Riedel, 1994 †
- Genus Melampoides Yen, 1951 †
- Genus Mesauriculstra Yen, 1952 †
- Genus Mesochilina Yen, 1951 †
- Genus Palaeoleuca Wenz, 1922 †
- Genus Proauriculastra Bandel, 1991 †
- Genus Pythiopsis F. Sandberger, 1870 †
- Genus Rhytophorus Meek, 1871 †
- Genus Semiauricula Cossmann, 1889 †
- Genus Stolidoma Deshayes, 1863 †
- Genus Tortacella White, 1895 †
- Genus Traliopsis F. Sandberger, 1870 †
subfamily ?
- Auriculinella Tausch, 1886
- Auriculodes Strand, 1928
- Blauneria Shuttleworth, 1854
- Creedonia Martins, 1996
- Detracia Gray in Turton, 1840
- Leuconopsis Hutton, 1884
- Marinula King & Broderip, 1832
- 微耳螺属 Microtralia Dall, 1894：嗜盐。
- Ophicardelus Beck, 1838
- Ovatella Bivona, 1832
- Pleuroloba Hyman, Rouse & Ponder, 2005
- Pseudomelampus Pallary, 1900
- Tralia Gray, 1840
- 异名：
- Alexia Leach in Gray, 1847: synonym of Myosotella Monterosato, 1906
- Auricula Lamarck, 1799: synonym of Ellobium Röding, 1798
- Cremnobates Swainson, 1855: synonym of Marinula King & Broderip, 1832
- Jaminia T. Brown, 1827: synonym of Myosotella Monterosato, 1906
- Kochia Pallary, 1900: synonym of Myosotella Monterosato, 1906
- Laimodonta H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855: synonym of Laemodonta Philippi, 1846
- Leuconia Gray, 1840: synonym of Auriculinella Tausch, 1886
- Leucopepla Peile, 1926: synonym of Auriculinella Tausch, 1886
- Leucophytia Winckworth, 1949: synonym of Auriculinella Tausch, 1886
- Monica H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855: synonym of Ovatella Bivona-Bernardi, 1832
- Nealexia Wenz, 1920: synonym of Myosotella Monterosato, 1906
- Phytia: synonym of Pythia Röding, 1798
- Pira H. & A. Adams, 1855: synonym of Melampus Montfort, 1810
- Plecotrema H. Adams & A. Adams, 1854: synonym of Laemodonta Philippi, 1846
- Rangitotoa Powell, 1933: synonym of Microtralia Dall, 1894
- Taxonomic note
Genus Sarnia H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855 (temporary name, Sarnia [H. & A. Adams, 1855 (September), The Genera of Recent Mollusca, 2: 239] is an incorrect subsequent spelling of Siona H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855 which is a junior homonym of Siona Duponchel, 1829 [Lepidoptera].)
参考文献
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