维基百科

讨论:海关

InternetArchiveBot在话题“外部链接已修改”中的最新留言：6年前
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未翻译内容如下：--Flame 欢迎泡茶 2011年5月15日 (日) 00:34 (UTC)回复

海关私有化

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File:Bordercontrol.jpg
美国海关查验物品一景

Customs is an important part of the government involved in one of the three basic functions of a government, namely, administration, maintenance of law, order and justice and collection of revenue. However, in a bid to mitigate corruption, many countries have partly privatized its Customs. This has occurred by way of engagement of Pre-shipment Inspection Agencies who examine the cargo and verify the declared value before importation is effected and the nation Customs is obliged to accept the report of the agency for the purpose of assessment of leviable duties and taxes at the port of entry. While engaging a preshipment inspection agency may appear justified in a country with an inexperienced or inadequate Customs establishment, the measure has not really been able to plug the loophole and protect revenue. It has been found that evasion of Customs duty escalated when pre-shipment agencies took over.[1] It has also been alleged that such involvement of such agencies has been causing delays in the shipment process.[2] Privatization of Customs has been viewed as a fatal remedy.[1]

海关基本法规概览

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亚洲

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印度尼西亚

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No customs for mailed goods below or equal to US$50. Customs policy may be different in Batam free trade zone.

欧盟

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The basic customs law is harmonized across Europe. This includes customs duties and restrictions. Customs tax from 150 €. In addition, see regulations of each Member State.

德国

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From 22 € is VAT payable. National restrictions especially in weapons and drugs.

罗马尼亚

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Customs may be very strict, especially for mailed goods (from outside the EU). Up to 10€ goods/package there are no taxes (it is free). Taxes may be stiff. There may be an outgoing custom tax too. [来源请求]

斯洛伐克

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Up to 22€ there are no taxes (it is free). From 22€ up to 150€, it is necessary to pay VAT (DPH in Slovak) which is 19%. From 150€ it is necessary to pay VAT and customs. Customs may be from 0 to 10%, the amount depending on the type of imported goods.

北美

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加拿大

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  • No customs for mailed goods below $20 CAD.[3]
  • No customs for gifts below $60 CAD.[4]
  • A personal exemption amount is given to all household or personal use items imported from another country. The amount depends on the time spent outside of Canada and pertains to federal taxes and duties only (provincial taxes may still apply). They cannot be combined with another person nor by multiplying them (i.e., 21 days outside of Canada does not equal to $2250 exemption)[5]
    • 24 hours or less = $0 CAD
    • 24–47 hours = $50 CAD
    • 48 hours–7 days = $400 CAD
    • 7 days or more = $750 CAD
    • Immigrants, in general, have a one time unlimited import allowance. However, certain articles are restricted from importation (e.g., vehicles not meeting Canadian safety standards, firearms, etc.)

外部链接已修改

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最新留言：在7年前发布1条留言1人参与讨论

各位维基人：

我刚刚修改了海关中的3个外部链接，请大家仔细检查我的编辑。如果您有疑问，或者需要让机器人忽略某个链接甚至整个页面，请访问这个简单的FAQ获取更多信息。我进行了以下修改：

有关机器人修正错误的详情请参阅FAQ。

祝编安。—InternetArchiveBot (报告软件缺陷) 2017年7月10日 (一) 00:47 (UTC)回复

外部链接已修改

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最新留言：在6年前发布1条留言1人参与讨论

各位维基人：

我刚刚修改了海关中的1个外部链接，请大家仔细检查我的编辑。如果您有疑问，或者需要让机器人忽略某个链接甚至整个页面，请访问这个简单的FAQ获取更多信息。我进行了以下修改：

有关机器人修正错误的详情请参阅FAQ。

祝编安。—InternetArchiveBot (报告软件缺陷) 2018年7月30日 (一) 01:58 (UTC)回复

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Chowdhury, F. L. (2006) Corrupt bureaucracy and privatization of Customs in Bangladesh, Pathok Samabesh, Dhaka.
  2. ^ 引用错误：没有为名为Chowdhury 1992的参考文献提供内容
  3. ^ Mail items worth $20 or less
  4. ^ Gifts worth $60 or less
  5. ^ I Declare: A guide for residents of Canada returning to Canada
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