親脂效率
親脂效率[1](英文:Lipophilic efficiency,LiP),也稱為配體親脂效率(英文:Ligand-lipophilicity efficicency,LLE),是藥物設計和藥物發現中用於評估研究化合物質量的參數,將效價和親脂性聯繫起來以評估藥物相似性。[2][3]對於給定的化合物,LiPE定義為關注的pIC50(或pEC50)與化合物LogP的差值。
在研發實踐中,通常使用計算值(例如cLogP或計算出的 cLogD)來代替測量的LogP或LogD。LiPE用於比較不同效價(pIC50s)和親脂性(LogP)的化合物。高效價,即pIC50值高是候選藥物的理想屬性,因為在給定的藥物濃度下,高效價意味着降低了非特異性和脫靶的藥理學風險。當藥物與低清除率相關時,高效價也允許更低的用藥劑量,從而降低特異質藥物反應的風險。[4][5]
另一方面,LogP代表了化合物總體親脂性的估算,該值會影響藥物發現中一系列生物過程中的行為,例如溶解度、生物膜滲透性、肝清除率、缺乏選擇性和非-特異性毒性。[6]對於口服藥物,LogP值介於2和3之間通常被認為是實現滲透性和首過清除率之間折衷的最佳選擇。
經驗證據表明優質候選藥物具有高LiPE(>6);該值對應於 pIC50 = 8且LogP = 2的化合物。繪製一系列化合物的 LogP對pIC50的關係圖可以對一個系列和單個化合物進行優先等級排序。
另一個方程使用效能比(以結合能測量)和分配係數的對數來計算具有不同比例的親脂性配體效率指數(LE)。 [7]
其他複合效率指標的背景下的LipE。[8]
參考文獻
編輯- ^ Ryckmans T, Edwards MP, Horne VA, Correia AM, Owen DR, Thompson LR, Tran I, Tutt MF, Young T. Rapid assessment of a novel series of selective CB(2) agonists using parallel synthesis protocols: A Lipophilic Efficiency (LipE) analysis. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters. August 2009, 19 (15): 4406–9. PMID 19500981. doi:10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.05.062.
- ^ Edwards MP, Price DA. Role of Physicochemical Properties and Ligand Lipophilicity Efficiency in Addressing Drug Safety Risks. Annual Reports in Medicinal Chemistry. 2010, 45: 381–391. ISBN 9780123809025. doi:10.1016/S0065-7743(10)45023-X.
- ^ Leeson PD, Springthorpe B. The influence of drug-like concepts on decision-making in medicinal chemistry. Nature Reviews. Drug Discovery. November 2007, 6 (11): 881–90. PMID 17971784. S2CID 205476574. doi:10.1038/nrd2445.
- ^ Uetrecht J. Prediction of a new drug's potential to cause idiosyncratic reactions. Current Opinion in Drug Discovery & Development. January 2001, 4 (1): 55–9. PMID 11727323.
- ^ Uetrecht J. Idiosyncratic drug reactions: past, present, and future. Chemical Research in Toxicology. January 2008, 21 (1): 84–92. PMID 18052104. doi:10.1021/tx700186p.
- ^ Hughes JD, Blagg J, Price DA, Bailey S, Decrescenzo GA, Devraj RV, Ellsworth E, Fobian YM, Gibbs ME, Gilles RW, Greene N, Huang E, Krieger-Burke T, Loesel J, Wager T, Whiteley L, Zhang Y. Physiochemical drug properties associated with in vivo toxicological outcomes. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters. September 2008, 18 (17): 4872–5. PMID 18691886. doi:10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.07.071.
- ^ García-Sosa AT, Hetényi C, Maran U. Drug efficiency indices for improvement of molecular docking scoring functions. Journal of Computational Chemistry. January 2010, 31 (1): 174–84. PMID 19422000. S2CID 19092197. doi:10.1002/jcc.21306.
- ^ Shultz MD. Setting expectations in molecular optimizations: Strengths and limitations of commonly used composite parameters. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters. November 2013, 23 (21): 5980–91. PMID 24018190. doi:10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.08.029.