分離結晶

分離結晶（英語：fractional crystallization）是從原始均質岩漿中去除早期形成的晶體（例如，通過重力沉降），從而防止這些晶體與剩餘岩漿繼續反應^[1]。分離結晶會造成剩餘岩漿的化學成分與原始岩漿不同，從而導致一系列不同礦物的結晶 ^[2]。分離結晶是岩漿分異作用的主要過程之一。與恆定壓力和成分的化學系統中的結晶相比，岩漿中的分離結晶是複雜的，因為壓力和成分的變化會對岩漿演化產生巨大影響。尤其水、二氧化碳和氧氣的添加或減少 ^[3]。例如，水的分壓在花崗岩成分的岩漿能控制哪種礦物首先結晶^[4] ^[5]。氧的分壓能控制磁鐵礦和尖晶石的結晶順序 ^[6]。

參考文獻

^ Wilson B.M. (1989). Igneous Petrogenesis A Global Tectonic Approach. Springer. p. 82. ISBN 9780412533105.
^ Petrology The Study of Igneous...Rocks, Loren A. Raymond, 1995, McGraw-Hill, p. 65
^ Lange, R.L.; Carmichael, Ian S.E. (1990). "Thermodynamic properties of silicate liquids with emphasis on density, thermal expansion and compressibility". Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry. 24 (1): 25–64. Retrieved 8 November 2020.
^ Huang, W. L.; Wyllie, P. J. (March 1973). "Melting relations of muscovite-granite to 35 kbar as a model for fusion of metamorphosed subducted oceanic sediments". Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology. 42 (1): 1–14. doi:10.1007/BF00521643. S2CID 129917491.
^ Philpotts, Anthony R.; Ague, Jay J. (2009). Principles of igneous and metamorphic petrology (2nd ed.). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. pp. 604–612. ISBN 9780521880060
^ McBirney, Alexander R. (1984). Igneous petrology. San Francisco, Calif.: Freeman, Cooper. pp. 124–127. ISBN 0877353239

[”Wilson”-1] Wilson B.M. (1989). Igneous Petrogenesis A Global Tectonic Approach. Springer. p. 82. ISBN 9780412533105.

[”Petrology”-2] Petrology The Study of Igneous...Rocks, Loren A. Raymond, 1995, McGraw-Hill, p. 65

[”Lange”-3] Lange, R.L.; Carmichael, Ian S.E. (1990). "Thermodynamic properties of silicate liquids with emphasis on density, thermal expansion and compressibility". Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry. 24 (1): 25–64. Retrieved 8 November 2020.

[”Huang”-4] Huang, W. L.; Wyllie, P. J. (March 1973). "Melting relations of muscovite-granite to 35 kbar as a model for fusion of metamorphosed subducted oceanic sediments". Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology. 42 (1): 1–14. doi:10.1007/BF00521643. S2CID 129917491.

[”Philpotts”-5] Philpotts, Anthony R.; Ague, Jay J. (2009). Principles of igneous and metamorphic petrology (2nd ed.). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. pp. 604–612. ISBN 9780521880060

[McBirney-6] McBirney, Alexander R. (1984). Igneous petrology. San Francisco, Calif.: Freeman, Cooper. pp. 124–127. ISBN 0877353239

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