卡斯蒂略金字塔
卡斯蒂略金字塔(西班牙語:El Castillo,意為城堡)位於猶加敦半島瑪雅遺跡奇琴伊察的中心,建造於11至13世紀之間,為祭祀羽蛇神的神廟。金字塔的四面樓梯都是91階,但若金字塔頂端的神廟如果也算成一階的話,卡斯蒂略金字塔總共有365階,每一階就代表哈布曆(Haab',瑪雅曆的其中一種)的每一天。
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地點 |
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座標 | 20°40′58″N 88°34′07″W / 20.68289°N 88.56861°W |
建造時間 | 8 - 12世紀 |
類型 | 中部美洲 台階金字塔 |
材料 | 石灰岩 |
高度 | 24米(79英尺)(未算入神廟) 30米(98英尺)(未算入神廟) 神廟(19英尺) |
基座 | 55.3米(181英尺) |
斜率 | 37°29'44" 47º19'50" |
位置 | ![]() |
隸屬 | 奇琴伊察 |
標準 | 文化:(i), (ii), (iii) |
參考編碼 | 483 |
登錄年份 | 1988年(第12屆會議) |
座標 | 20°40′58.4″N 88°34′7.0″W / 20.682889°N 88.568611°W |
[編輯維基數據] |
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Lightmatter_chichen15.jpg/250px-Lightmatter_chichen15.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Serpent_head_at_the_base_of_El_Castillo.jpg/250px-Serpent_head_at_the_base_of_El_Castillo.jpg)
在春分與秋分的日出日落時,金字塔的拐角在北面的階梯上投下羽蛇神狀的陰影,並隨著太陽的位置在金字塔的北面移動。卡斯蒂略金字塔高24公尺,塔頂神廟高六公尺,基座長約為55.3公尺。金字塔總共有九層,與馬雅的宇宙觀相同。
參考文獻
編輯- Coe, Michael D. The Maya. Ancient peoples and places series 6th, fully revised and expanded. London and New York: Thames & Hudson. 1999. ISBN 0-500-28066-5. OCLC 59432778.
- Milbrath, Susan. Star Gods of the Maya: Astronomy in Art, Folklore, and Calendars. The Linda Schele series in Maya and pre-Columbian studies. Austin: University of Texas Press. 1999. ISBN 0-292-75225-3. OCLC 40848420.
- Šprajc, Ivan, and Pedro Francisco Sánchez Nava (2013). Astronomía en la arquitectura de Chichén Itzá: una reevaluación. Estudios de Cultura Maya XLI: p. 31–60.
- Willard, T.A. Kukulcan, the Bearded Conqueror : New Mayan Discoveries. Hollywood, CA: Murray and Gee. 1941. OCLC 3491500.
- Gray, Richard. "Sacred Sinkhole Discovered 1,000-year-old-Mayan-Temple-Eventually-Destroy-Pyramid." Science & tech August 17, 2015. Dailymail. Web. August 17, 2015.
- Justice, Adam. "Scientists discover sacred sinkhole cave under Chichen Itza pyramid." Science (2015). Ibtimes. Web. August 14, 2015.
- Juárez-Rodríguez, O., Argote-Espino D., Santos-Ramírez, M., & López-García, P. (2017). Portable XRF analysis for the identification of raw materials of the Red Jaguar sculpture in Chichén Itzá, Mexico. Quaternary International, Quaternary International.
- Tejero-Andrade, A., Argote-Espino, D., Cifuentes-Nava, G., Hernández-Quintero, E., Chávez, R.E., & García-Serrano, A. (2018). ‘Illuminating’ the interior of Kukulkan's Pyramid, Chichén Itzá, Mexico, by means of a non-conventional ERT geophysical survey. Journal of Archaeological Science, 90, 1-11.
- Wren, L., Kristan-Graham, C., Nygard, T., & Spencer, K. R. (2018). Landscapes of the Itza : Archaeology and art history at Chichen Itza and neighboring sites. Gainesville: University Press of Florida.