維基百科

含笑屬

含笑屬（學名：Michelia）是木蘭科下的一個屬，為灌木或喬木植物。該屬共有約50餘種，分布於亞洲熱帶、亞熱帶及溫帶。[1]屬名Michelia為紀念意大利植物學家Pietro Antonio Micheli（1679-1737）而命名。

含笑屬
白蘭 Michelia × alba
科學分類 編輯
界： 植物界 Plantae
演化支： 維管束植物 Tracheophyta
演化支： 被子植物 Angiosperms
演化支： 木蘭類植物 Magnoliids
目： 木蘭目 Magnoliales
科： 木蘭科 Magnoliaceae
屬： 含笑屬 Michelia
L., 1753
物種

約50種，見內文

下屬物種 編輯

本屬包括以下物種：[2]

  • Michelia aenea Dandy.，原產地為中國和越南，視為Michelia foveolata Merr. ex Dandy by J. Li (1997)[3]的異名
  • 白蘭 Michelia × alba DC. (syn. M. longifolia Blume). White Champaca或White Sandalwood是由黃玉蘭（Michelia champaca L.）和山含笑（Michelia montana Blume）自然雜交得到
  • 狹葉含笑 Michelia angustioblonga Y.-W. Law & Y.-F. Wu
  • 苦梓含笑 Michelia balansae (A. DC.) Dandy (基本異名：Magnolia balansae A. DC.)
  • 合果木 Michelia baillonii (Pierre) Finet & Gagnep. (基本異名：Magnolia baillonii Pierre)
  • Michelia braianensis Gagnep.
  • 灰岩含笑 Michelia calcicola C.Y. Wu ex Y.-W. Law & Y.-F. Wu (視為Michelia ingrata Chen & Yang by Chen & Nooteboom (1993)[4]的異名)
  • 美毛含笑 Michelia caloptila Y.-W. Law & Y.-F. Wu (dubious taxon, according to Chen & Nooteboom (1993)[4])
  • 平伐含笑 Michelia cavaleriei Finet & Gagnep.
     
    L.的花和葉
  • 黃玉蘭 Michelia champaca L. Champak. 原產地為印度、爪哇島和菲律賓，小喬木或灌木，高及蓬徑3－6米，葉革質，翠綠色，達16厘米長；花芬芳，橙黃色或乳白色，春季開花，可提取精油用於製作香水
  • 樂昌含笑 Michelia chapensis Dandy
  • 烏心石 Michelia compressa (Maxim.) Sarg. (基本異名：Magnolia compressa Maxim.)，台灣含笑
  • 西疇含笑 Michelia coriacea Chang & Chen
  • 紫花含笑 Michelia crassipes Y.-W. Law
  • 南亞含笑 Michelia doltsopa Buch.-Ham. ex DC. Large shrubs and trees, growing to 30 meters. Native to the eastern Himalayas and Meghalaya subtropical forests. Varies in form from bushy to narrow and upright. Leathery dark-green leaves, 6 to 17 cm in length. Clusters of creamy white flowers in winter. Growing in popularity as a street tree in coastal California.
  • 雅致含笑 Michelia elegans Y.-W. Law & Y.-F. Wu (視為Michelia cavaleriei Finet & Gagnep. by Chen & Nooteboom (1993)[4]的異名)
  • Michelia elliptilimba Chen & Noot. (視為Michelia sphaerantha C.Y. Wu ex Z.S. Yue by J. Li (1997)[3]的異名)
  • 含笑花 Michelia figo (Lour.) Spreng. (基本異名：Liriodendron figo Lour.) Banana Shrub. A slow growing shrub or small tree that can grow up to 5 meters high and nearly as wide. Densely covered with small glossy green leaves. Bears clusters of large, white, sometimes purple-streaked, flowers with a potent, sweet banana scent. Port Wine is a variety that bears rose to maroon flowers.
  • 素黃含笑 Michelia flaviflora Y.-W. Law & Y.-F. Wu
  • 多花含笑 Michelia floribunda Finet & Gagnep.
  • 金葉含笑 Michelia foveolata Merr. ex Dandy
  • 福建含笑 Michelia fujianensis Q.F. Zheng
  • 亮葉含笑 Michelia fulgens Dandy (視為Michelia foveolata Merr. ex Dandy by Gagnepain (1939))[5]的異名)
  • 棕毛含笑 Michelia fulva Chang & Chen
  • Michelia fuscata (Andrews) Blume ex Wall. (基本異名：Magnolia fuscata Andrews; 視為Michelia figo (Lour.) Spreng. by Baillon (1866)[6])
  • 香子含笑 Michelia gioi (A. Chev.) Sima & H. Yu
  • 廣東含笑 Michelia guangdongensis Y. H. Yan, Q. W. Zeng & F. W.Xing
  • 廣西含笑 Michelia guangxiensis Y.-W. Law & R.-Z. Zhou
  • 香子含笑 Michelia hedyosperma Y.-W. Law (視為Michelia hypolampra Dandy by Chen & Nooteboom (1993)的異名)
  • Michelia hypolampra Dandy
  • Michelia ingrata Chen & Yang
  • 鼠刺含笑 Michelia iteophylla C.Y. Wu ex Y.-W. Law & Y.-F. Wu (Michelia formosana (Kaneh.) Masam. & Suzuki because the type is the same; M. formosana in its turn is 視為Michelia compressa (Maxim.) Sarg. by Chen & Nooteboom (1993)[4]的異名)
  • 西藏含笑 Michelia kisopa Buch.-Ham. ex DC. Native to Meghalaya subtropical forests
  • Michelia koordersiana Noot.
  • 壯麗含笑 Michelia lacei W.W. Sm.
  • 溜葉含笑 Michelia laevifolia Y.-W. Law & Y.-F. Wu (視為Michelia yunnanensis Franch. ex Finet & Gapnep. by Xia & Deng (2002)[7]的異名)
  • Michelia lanuginosa Wall. Native to Meghalaya subtropical forests
  • 長柄含笑 Michelia leveilleana Dandy
  • 長柄含笑 Michelia longipetiolata C.Y. Wu ex Y.-W. Law & Y.-F. Wu (視為Michelia leveilleana Dandy by Chen & Nooteboom (1993)[4]的異名)
  • 長蕊含笑 Michelia longistamina Y.-W. Law (視為Michelia martinii (H. Lév.) Finet & Gagnep. ex H. Lév. by Chen & Nooteboom (1993)[4]的異名)
  • 長柱含笑 Michelia longistyla Y.-W. Law & Y.-F. Wu (視為Michelia foveolata Merr. ex Dandy; by Chen & Nooteboom (1993)[4])
  • 醉香含笑 Michelia macclurei Dandy
  • 黃心夜合 Michelia martinii (H. Lév.) Finet & Gagnep. ex H. Lév. (基本異名：Magnolia martinii H. Lév.)
  • 屏邊含笑 Michelia masticata Dandy
  • 深山含笑 Michelia maudiae Dunn
  • 白花含笑 Michelia mediocris Dandy
  • Michelia microtricha (視為Michelia floribunda Finet & Gagnep. by J. Li (1997)[3]的異名)
  • 山含笑 Michelia montana Blume
  • Michelia nilagirica Zenker. 產自印度南部。
  • 西疇含笑 Michelia nitida B. L. Chen
  • 觀光木 Michelia odora (W.Y. Chun) Noot. & Chen (基本異名：Tsoongiodendron odorum W.Y. Chun)
  • 馬關含笑 Michelia opipara Chang et B. L. Chen
  • 厚果含笑 Michelia pachycarpa Y.-W. Law & R.-Z. Zhou
  • 闊瓣含笑 Michelia platypetala Hand.-Mazz. (視為Magnolia maudiae (Dunn) Figlar (異名：Michelia maudiae Dunn) by Sima (2001)[8]的變種)
  • 多脈含笑 Michelia polyneura C.Y. Wu ex Y.-W. Law & Y.-F. Wu
  • Michelia punduana Hook.f. & Thomson. Native to Meghalaya subtropical forests
  • Michelia rajaniana Craib
  • Michelia salicifolia A. Agostini
  • Michelia scortechinii (King) Dandy (基本異名：Manglietia scortechinii King)
  • 台山含笑 Michelia taishanensis Y. H. Tong, X. E. Ye, X. H. Ye &Yu Q. Chen[9]
  • 峨眉含笑 Michelia wilsonii Finet & Gagnep. (異名M. sinensis Hemsl. & E.H. Wilson; based on the same type but published a few weeks later)
  • 石碌含笑 Michelia shiluensis W.Y. Chun & Y.-F. Wu
  • 野含笑 Michelia skinneriana Dunn (視為含笑花 Michelia figo (Lour.) Spreng. by Chen & Nooteboom (1993)[4]的異名)
  • 球花含笑 Michelia sphaerantha C.Y. Wu ex Z.S. Yue
  • Michelia subulifera Dandy
  • 川含笑 Michelia szechuanica Dandy (被Sima和Figlar (2001)[8]視為Magnolia ernestii Figlar (異名：Michelia wilsonii Finet & Gagnep.)的亞種)
  • 絨葉含笑 Michelia velutina DC.
  • 黃花含笑 Michelia xanthantha C.Y. Wu ex Y.-W. Law & Y.-F. Wu
  • 雲南含笑 Michelia yunnanensis Franch. ex Finet & Gapnep.

文化意義 編輯

在中亞熱帶地區的佛教寺廟中常種植含笑屬樹種用作花供[10]。

參考文獻 編輯

  1. ^ 中国种子植物科属词典. 中國數字植物標本館. [2012-04-11]. （原始內容存檔於2012-04-11）. 
  2. ^ Michelia. GBIF. [2023-02-14]. （原始內容存檔於2023-02-14）. 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Li, J. Some notes on Magnoliaceae from China. Acta Botanica Yunnanica (Kunming). 1997, 19 (2): 131–138. 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 Chen, B.L. & H.P. Nooteboom. Notes on Magnoliaceae III, The Magnoliaceae of China. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden (St. Louis, MO) (Missouri Botanical Garden Press). 1993, 80 (4): 999–1104. JSTOR 2399942. doi:10.2307/2399942. 
  5. ^ Gagnepain, F. Magnoliacées nouvelles ou litigieuses. Notulae Systematicae, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Paris). 1939, 8 (1): 63–65. 
  6. ^ Baillon, H.E. Mémoire sur la famille des Magnoliacées. Adansonia; recueil periodique d'observations botaniques (Paris). 1866, 7: 1–16, 65–69. 
  7. ^ Xia, N.H. & Y.F. Deng. Notes on Magnoliaceae. Journal of Tropical and Subtropical Botany (Guangzhou). 2002, 10 (2): 128–132. 
  8. ^ 8.0 8.1 Sima, Y.-K. Some Notes on Magnolia Subgenus Michelia from China. Yunnan Forestry Science and Technology (Kunming). 2001, 2: 29–35. 
  9. ^ 广东木兰科含笑属新种：台山含笑. GBIF. [2023-02-14]. （原始內容存檔於2023-02-14）. 
  10. ^ Wang, Xinyang; Jin, Cheng; Huang, Li; Zhou, Lihua; Zheng, Mingming; Qian, Shenhua; Yang, Yongchuan. Plant diversity and species replacement in Chinese Buddhist temples. Biodiversity Science. 2020-06-20, 28 (6): 668. doi:10.17520/biods.2019392. 
取自「https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=含笑属&oldid=76666495」