壁蜂屬

壁蜂屬
科學分類
界：	動物界 Animalia
門：	節肢動物門 Arthropoda
綱：	昆蟲綱 Insecta
目：	膜翅目 Hymenoptera
科：	切葉蜂科 Megachilidae
屬：	壁蜂屬 Osmia; Panzer, 1806
異名
	Acanthosmoides Ashmead, 1899 ; Hapsidosmia Rightmyer, Griswold & Brady, 2013 ; Hoplosmia Thomson, 1872 ; Nothosmia Ashmead, 1899;

壁蜂屬（學名：Osmia）是昆蟲綱膜翅目蜜蜂總科切葉蜂科的一屬昆蟲，約有80餘種^[1]。該屬昆蟲多喜在土壁、石洞、牆壁等洞穴中築巢，以採集花粉和花蜜為食^[2]。常作為人工放養野生蜜蜂用於蘋果、櫻桃、梨等果樹的授粉^[3]。

下屬物種

本屬包括以下物種：

Osmia adae Bingham, 1897
Osmia aeruginosa Warncke, 1988
Osmia agilis Morawitz, 1875
Osmia aglaia Sandhouse, 1939
Osmia alaiensis van der Zanden, 1994
Osmia albiventris Cresson, 1864
Osmia albolateralis Cockerell, 1906
Osmia alfkenii Ducke, 1899
Osmia aliciae Ayala & Griswold, 2005
Osmia alpestris Rust & Bohart, 1986
Osmia alticola Benoist, 1922
Osmia amathusica Mavromoustakis, 1937
Osmia anasazi
Osmia anceps Pérez, 1895
Osmia anceyi Pérez, 1879
Osmia andrenoides Spinola, 1808
Osmia angustipes Cockerell, 1933
Osmia antiqua Heer, 1849
Osmia apicata Smith, 1853
Osmia aquila Warncke, 1988
Osmia aquilonaria Rightmyer, Griswold & Arduser, 2010
Osmia argyropyga Pérez, 1879
Osmia ariadne Peters, 1978
Osmia ashmeadii (Titus, 1904)
Osmia atriventris Cresson, 1864
Osmia atrocyanea Cockerell, 1897
Osmia aurulenta (Panzer, 1799)
Osmia austromaritima Michener, 1936
Osmia avedata Warncke, 1992
Osmia avosetta Warncke, 1988
Osmia azteca Cresson, 1878
Osmia balearica Schmiedeknecht, 1885
Osmia bella Cresson, 1878
Osmia bicolor (Schrank, 1781)
Osmia bicornis (Linnaeus, 1758)
Osmia bidentata Morawitz, 1876
Osmia bischoffi Atanassov, 1938
Osmia botitena Cockerell, 1909
Osmia breviata Warncke, 1988
Osmia brevicornis (Fabricius, 1798)
Osmia brevipes van der Zanden, 1994
Osmia brevis Cresson, 1864
Osmia bruneri Cockerell, 1897
Osmia bucephala Cresson, 1864
Osmia caerulescens (Linnaeus, 1758)
Osmia cahuilla Cooper, 1993
Osmia calaminthae Rightmyer, Ascher & Griswold, 2011
Osmia calcarata White, 1952
Osmia californica Cresson, 1864
Osmia calla Cockerell, 1897
Osmia cara Cockerell, 1910
Osmia caraformis
Osmia carbo (van der Zanden, 1994)
Osmia carbonum von Heyden, 1862
脊唇壁蜂 Osmia carinoclypearis Wu, 1985
Osmia caulicola Cockerell, 1934
Osmia centaureae Müller, 2018
Osmia cephalotes Morawitz, 1870
Osmia cerasi Cockerell, 1897
尖唇壁蜂 Osmia cerinthidis Morawitz, 1876
Osmia chalybea Smith, 1853
中國壁蜂 Osmia chinensis Morawitz, 1890
Osmia chrysaetos Warncke, 1988
Osmia chrysolepta Haeseler, 2005
Osmia cinctella Dours, 1873
Osmia cinerea Warncke, 1988
Osmia cinnabarina Pérez, 1895
Osmia clarescens Cockerell, 1911
Osmia clypearis Morawitz, 1871
Osmia cobaltina Cresson, 1878
藍壁蜂 Osmia coerulescens (Linneus,1758)
Osmia collinsiae Robertson, 1905
Osmia coloradensis Cresson, 1878
凹壁蜂 Osmia concavoclypearis Wu, 1985
Osmia conjuncta Cresson, 1864
Osmia conjunctoides Robertson, 1893
Osmia cordata Robertson, 1902
Osmia corniculata (van der Zanden, 1989)
角額壁蜂 Osmia cornifrons (Radoszkowski, 1887)
Osmia cornuta (Latreille, 1805)
Osmia crassa Rust & Bohart, 1986
Osmia crinita Alfken, 1942
Osmia croatica Friese, 1893
Osmia croceiventris Radoszkowski, 1882
Osmia cyanella Cockerell, 1897
Osmia cyaneonitens Cockerell, 1906
Osmia cyanescens Morawitz, 1875
Osmia cyanopoda Cockerell, 1916
Osmia cyanoxantha Pérez, 1879
Osmia cyrenaica Peters, 1978
Osmia dakotensis Michener, 1937
Osmia damascena Pérez, 1911
Osmia densa Cresson, 1864
Osmia derasa Pérez, 1895
Osmia dido Gribodo, 1894
Osmia difficilis Morawitz, 1875
Osmia dilaticornis Morawitz, 1875
Osmia dimidiata Morawitz, 1870
Osmia diomedia Warncke, 1988
Osmia disjuncta Tkalcu, 1995
Osmia distincta Cresson, 1864
Osmia distinguenda (Tkalcu, 1974)^[4]
Osmia dives Mocsáry, 1877
Osmia dlabolae Tkalcu, 1978
Osmia dolerosa Sandhouse, 1939
Osmia dusmeti van der Zanden, 1998
Osmia ednae Cockerell, 1907
Osmia elegans (Tkalcu, 1992)
Osmia emarginata Lepeletier, 1841
Osmia enixa Sandhouse, 1924
Osmia ephippiata Smith, 1879
Osmia erythrogastra Ferton, 1905
凹唇壁蜂 Osmia excavata Alfken, 1903
缺口壁蜂 Osmia excisa Morawitz,1880
Osmia exigua Cresson, 1878
Osmia exquisita Griswold & Rightmyer, 2017
Osmia fallax Pérez, 1895
Osmia fasciata Latreille, 1811
Osmia fedtschenkoi Morawitz, 1875
Osmia felti Cockerell, 1911
Osmia ferruginea Latreille, 1811
Osmia fetschenkoi Morawitz, 1875
Osmia forticornis van der Zanden, 1989
Osmia foxi Cameron, 1901
Osmia frieseana Ducke, 1899
Osmia frunseensis Warncke, 1992
黃腹壁蜂 Osmia fulviventris (Panzer,1798)
Osmia gabrielis Cockerell, 1910
Osmia gallarum Spinola, 1808
Osmia gaudiosa Cockerell, 1907
Osmia gemmea Pérez, 1895
Osmia georgica Cresson, 1878
Osmia giffardi Sandhouse, 1939
Osmia giliarum Cockerell, 1906
Osmia glareola Warncke, 1988
Osmia glauca (Fowler, 1899)
Osmia gonzalezi Griswold & Rightmyer, 2017
Osmia gracilicornis Pérez, 1895
Osmia granulosa Cockerell, 1911
Osmia grindeliae Cockerell, 1910
Osmia grinnelli Cockerell, 1910
Osmia gulmargensis Nurse, 1903
Osmia gutturalis Warncke, 1988
麗壁蜂 Osmia haemorrhoa Morawitz, 1886
Osmia heliaca Warncke, 1988
Osmia helicicola Robinaeau, 1836
Osmia helicola Robinaeau, 1836
Osmia hellados van der Zanden, 1984
Osmia hemera Sandhouse, 1939
Osmia hermona Warncke, 1992
Osmia hermonensis (Tkalcu, 1992)
Osmia hesperos Sandhouse, 1939
Osmia heteracantha Pérez, 1895
Osmia iberica van der Zanden, 1987
Osmia illinoensis Robertson, 1897
Osmia imitatrix (Tkalcu, 1992)
Osmia indeprensa Sandhouse, 1939
Osmia indigotea Morawitz, 1875
無戎壁蜂 Osmia inermis (Zetterstedt, 1838)
Osmia inspergens Lovell & Cockerell, 1907
Osmia integra Cresson, 1878
Osmia inurbana Cresson, 1878
Osmia iridis Cockerell & Titus, 1902
石川壁蜂 Osmia ishikawai Hirashima, 1973
紫壁蜂 Osmia jacoti Cockerell, 1929
Osmia jason Benoist, 1929
吉林壁蜂 Osmia jilinensis Wu, 2004
Osmia juxta Cresson, 1864
Osmia kashmirensis Nurse, 1903
Osmia kincaidii Cockerell, 1897
Osmia kirgisiana van der Zanden, 1994
Osmia kohlii Ducke, 1899
Osmia labialis Pérez, 1879
Osmia lacunosa Griswold & Rightmyer, 2017
Osmia lacus Sandhouse, 1939
Osmia laeta Sandhouse, 1924
Osmia lanei Sandhouse, 1939
Osmia larochei Tkalcu, 1993
Osmia laticauda Stanek, 1969
Osmia laticella van der Zanden, 1986
Osmia laticeps Thomson, 1872
Osmia latisulcata Michener, 1936
Osmia latreillei (Spinola, 1806)
Osmia lazulina Benoist, 1928
Osmia leaiana (Kirby, 1802)
Osmia lhotelleriei Pérez, 1887
Osmia lignaria Say, 1837
Osmia ligurica Morawitz, 1868
Osmia liogastra Cockerell, 1933
Osmia livida Tkalcu, 1978
Osmia lobata Friese, 1899
Osmia longicornis Morawitz, 1875
Osmia longula Cresson, 1864
Osmia lunata Benoist, 1928
Osmia lupinicola Cockerell, 1937
Osmia madeirensis van der Zanden, 1991
Osmia malina Cockerell, 1909
Osmia maracandica Morawitz, 1894
Osmia marginata Michener, 1936
Osmia marginipennis Cresson, 1878
Osmia (Diceratosmia) marilaunidii (Cockerell, 1914) Rightmyer, 2017
Osmia marilaunidii Cockerell, 1914
Osmia maritima Friese, 1885
Osmia maxillaris Morawitz, 1875
Osmia maxschwarzi Müller, 2012
Osmia mediana Engel, 2006
黑頭壁蜂 Osmia melanocephala Morawitz, 1875
黑腹壁蜂 Osmia melanogaster Spinola, 1808
Osmia melanopleura Cockerell, 1916
Osmia melanota Morawitz, 1888
Osmia melanura Morawitz, 1871
Osmia mertensiae Cockerell, 1907
小壁蜂 Osmia microdonta Cockerell, 1931
Osmia mirhiji Mavromoustakis, 1957
Osmia mixta Michener, 1936
蒙古壁蜂 Osmia mongolica Morawitz, 1880
Osmia montana Cresson, 1864
Osmia moreensis van der Zanden, 1984
Osmia morongana Cockerell, 1937
Osmia mustelina Gerstäcker, 1869
Osmia mutensis Peters, 1978
Osmia nana Morawitz, 1874
Osmia nanula Cockerell, 1897
Osmia nasoproducta Ferton, 1909
Osmia nasuta Friese, 1899
Osmia nearctica Rightmyer, Griswold & Arduser, 2010
Osmia nemoris Sandhouse, 1924
Osmia neocyanopoda Rust & Bohart, 1986
Osmia nifoata Cockerell, 1909
Osmia nigra Zeuner & Manning, 1976
Osmia nigricollis Warncke, 1992
Osmia nigrifrons Cresson, 1878
黑腹面壁蜂 Osmia nigriventris (Zetterstedt, 1838)
Osmia nigrobarbata Cockerell, 1916
Osmia nigrohirta Friese, 1899
黑毛刷壁蜂 Osmia nigroscopula (Wu, 1982)
Osmia niveata (Fabricius, 1804)
Osmia niveocincta Pérez, 1879
Osmia notata (Fabricius, 1804)
Osmia novaescotiae Cockerell, 1912
Osmia nuda Friese, 1899
Osmia obliqua White, 1952
Osmia ocularis Warncke, 1988
Osmia odontogaster Cockerell, 1897
Osmia olgae (Tkalcu, 1978)
Osmia onocrotala Warncke, 1988
Osmia opima Romankova, 1985
Osmia oramara Warncke, 1992
Osmia orientalis Benoist, 1929
Osmia padri (Tkalcu, 1974)
Osmia pagosa Sandhouse, 1939
Osmia palmae Tkalcu, 2001
Osmia palmula Rightmyer & Griswold, 2010
Osmia palmyrae van der Zanden, 1998
帕米爾壁蜂 Osmia pamirensis Gussakovsky, 1930
Osmia paradisica Sandhouse, 1924
Osmia parietina Curtis, 1828
Osmia parva (Radoszkowski, 1874)
叉壁蜂 Osmia pedicornis Cockerell, 1919
Osmia pennata Warncke, 1988
Osmia pentstemonis Cockerell, 1906
Osmia peregrina Warncke, 1988
Osmia phenax Cockerell, 1897
Osmia picena (Tkalcu, 1999)
皮氏壁蜂 Osmia pieli Cockerell, 1931
Osmia pikei Cockerell, 1907
毛角壁蜂 Osmia pilicornis Smith, 1846
Osmia pingreeana Michener, 1937
Osmia pinguis Pérez, 1895
Osmia pinorum Cockerell, 1935
Osmia polkruga Warncke, 1992
Osmia potentillae Michener, 1936
Osmia prasina Morawitz, 1875
Osmia pratincola Warncke, 1988
Osmia proxima Cresson, 1864
Osmia prunorum Cockerell, 1897
Osmia pulsatillae Cockerell, 1907
Osmia pumila Cresson, 1864
Osmia punica Pérez, 1895
Osmia purpurata Ducke, 1899
Osmia pusilla Cresson, 1864
方角壁蜂 Osmia quadricornuta Wu, 2004
Osmia quadridentata (Dumeril, 1860)
Osmia ramona Warncke, 1992
Osmia raritatis Michener, 1957
Osmia rawlinsi Sandhouse, 1939
Osmia regulina Cockerell, 1911
Osmia relicta (Popov, 1954)
Osmia rhodoensis (van der Zanden, 1983)
Osmia ribifloris Cockerell, 1900
Osmia rostrata Sandhouse, 1924
黃足壁蜂 Osmia rubripes Smith,1879
Osmia rufigastra Lepeletier, 1841
紅壁蜂 Osmia rufina Cockerell, 1931
擬紅壁蜂 Osmia rufinoides Wu, 2004
紅毛壁蜂 Osmia rufohirta Latreille, 1811
Osmia rufotibialis Friese, 1920
Osmia rutila Erichson, 1839
Osmia sanctaerosae Cockerell, 1910
Osmia sandhouseae Mitchell, 1927
Osmia sanrafaelae Parker, 1985
怪唇壁蜂 Osmia satoi Yasumatsu & Hirashima, 1950
Osmia saxatilis Warncke, 1988
Osmia saxicola Ducke, 1899
Osmia scheherazade Peters, 1978
Osmia sculleni Sandhouse, 1939
Osmia scutellaris Morawitz, 1868
Osmia scutispina Gribodo, 1894
Osmia sedula Sandhouse, 1924
Osmia sequoiae Michener, 1936
陝西壁蜂 Osmia shaanxiensis Wu, 2004
Osmia signata Erichson, 1839
Osmia simillima Smith, 1853
簡壁蜂 Osmia simplex Morawitz, 1875
Osmia sogdiana Morawitz, 1875
Osmia solitaria Sandhouse, 1924
Osmia sparsipuncta Alfken, 1914
Osmia spinicoxa Müller, 2020
Osmia spinigera Latreille, 1811
Osmia spinulifera Griswold & Rightmyer, 2017
Osmia spinulosa (Kirby, 1802)
Osmia sponsa Nurse, 1904
Osmia stangei Genaro, 2001
Osmia steinmanni Müller, 2002
Osmia subarctica Cockerell, 1912
Osmia subaustralis Cockerell, 1900
Osmia subcornuta Morawitz, 1875
Osmia subfasciata Cresson, 1872
Osmia submicans Morawitz, 1870
擬簡壁蜂 Osmia subtersa Cockerell, 1930
Osmia svenssoni Tkalcu, 1983
Osmia sybarita Smith, 1853
Osmia tadjika Warncke, 1992
Osmia tanneri Sandhouse, 1939
Osmia tarsata Provancher, 1888
壯壁蜂 Osmia taurus Smith, 1873
Osmia tawildara Warncke, 1992
Osmia tergestensis Ducke, 1897
Osmia tersula Cockerell, 1912
Osmia teunisseni van der Zanden, 1981
Osmia texana Cresson, 1872
Osmia thoracica Radoszkowski, 1874
Osmia thysanisca Michener, 1957
Osmia tingitana Benoist, 1969
Osmia tokopahensis Michener, 1936
Osmia torquata Warncke, 1988
Osmia trevoris Cockerell, 1897
Osmia tricornis Latreille, 1811
Osmia tricuspidata Dours, 1873
Osmia trifoliama Sandhouse, 1939
Osmia tristella Cockerell, 1897
Osmia tunensis (Fabricius, 1787)
土庫曼壁蜂 Osmia turcestanica Dalla Torre,1875
Osmia tyrneri (Tkalcu, 1992)
Osmia unca Michener, 1937
Osmia uncicornis Pérez, 1895
Osmia uncinata Gerstäcker, 1869
Osmia vandykei Sandhouse, 1924
Osmia versicolor Latreille, 1811
寡壁蜂 Osmia vidua Gestaecker,1869
Osmia virga Sandhouse, 1939
Osmia viridana Morawitz, 1874
Osmia warnckei (Tkalcu, 1992)
Osmia watsoni Cockerell, 1911
Osmia wyomingensis Michener, 1936
Osmia xanthomelana (Kirby, 1802)
延邊壁蜂 Osmia yanbianensis Wu, 2004
Osmia zarzisa Warncke, 1992
Osmia zephyros Sandhouse, 1939

參考文獻

^ 閆卓; 王麗娜,門興元,肖雲麗,戈峰,歐陽芳. 苹果园周围生境对凹唇壁蜂种群的维持作用. 應用昆蟲學報. 2018, 55 (6) [2022-08-02].
^ 袁鋒; 黃尚志. 陕西省壁蜂区系调查与利用研究：膜翅目：切叶蜂科. 昆蟲分類學報. 1992, (2): 148–152 [2022-08-02].
^ 竇飛越; 李紅英，宋海濤，寇若玫，周澤揚，羅阿蓉，黃敦元. 凹唇壁蜂的营巢生物学研究. 環境昆蟲學報. 2022, 44 (1): 184–193 [2022-08-02]. （原始內容存檔於2022-06-21）.
^ Andreas Müller. 2018. Palaearctic Osmia Bees of the Subgenus Hoplosmia (Megachilidae, Osmiini): Biology, Taxonomy and Key to Species. Zootaxa. 4415(2); 297–329. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4415.2.4

[1] 閆卓; 王麗娜,門興元,肖雲麗,戈峰,歐陽芳. 苹果园周围生境对凹唇壁蜂种群的维持作用. 應用昆蟲學報. 2018, 55 (6) [2022-08-02].

[2] 袁鋒; 黃尚志. 陕西省壁蜂区系调查与利用研究：膜翅目：切叶蜂科. 昆蟲分類學報. 1992, (2): 148–152 [2022-08-02].

[3] 竇飛越; 李紅英，宋海濤，寇若玫，周澤揚，羅阿蓉，黃敦元. 凹唇壁蜂的营巢生物学研究. 環境昆蟲學報. 2022, 44 (1): 184–193 [2022-08-02]. （原始內容存檔於2022-06-21）.

[4] Andreas Müller. 2018. Palaearctic Osmia Bees of the Subgenus Hoplosmia (Megachilidae, Osmiini): Biology, Taxonomy and Key to Species. Zootaxa. 4415(2); 297–329. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4415.2.4

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