天南星屬
天南星科的一属植物
天南星屬（學名：Arisaema）是天南星科下唯一雌雄異株的屬[2]，為多年生草本植物[3]。該屬共有至少197種，分布於熱帶和溫帶亞洲[1][4]。其分布和物種分化的中心位於喜馬拉雅山脈至橫斷山脈地區[5]。
天南星屬
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| Arisaema triphyllum | |
科學分類 
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| 界： | 植物界 Plantae |
| 演化支： | 維管束植物 Tracheophyta |
| 演化支： | 被子植物 Angiosperms |
| 演化支： | 單子葉植物 Monocots |
| 目： | 澤瀉目 Alismatales |
| 科： | 天南星科 Araceae |
| 亞科： | 天南星亞科 Aroideae |
| 族： | 天南星族 Arisaemateae |
| 屬： | 天南星屬 Arisaema Mart., 1831 |
| 模式種 | |
| 美麗南星 Arisaema speciosum (Wall.) Mart., 1832
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| 多樣性[1] | |
| 約197種 | |
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| 本屬的世界分布 | |
| 異名 | |
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天南星屬的物種具有直立且狹長的佛焰苞[6]，主要通過雙翅目昆蟲中的菌蚊科和眼蕈蚊科的蕈蚊進行傳粉[7]。在每個生長季中，天南星屬的雌雄異株植物會表現出雌性、雄性和無性三種性別狀態，偶爾也會出現雌雄同株的現象[8]。
下屬物種
編輯本屬包括以下物種：
- Alocasia coriacea L.Linden
- Alocasia putii Gagnep.
- Arisaema abei Seriz.
- Arisaema aequinoctiale Nakai & F.Maek.
- Arisaema agasthyanum Sivad. & C.S.Kumar
- Arisaema album N.E.Br.
- 東北南星 Arisaema amurense Maxim.
- 齒葉東北南星 Arisaema amurense var. serratum
- Arisaema anatinum Brugg.
- 狹葉南星 Arisaema angustatum Franch. & Sav.
- Arisaema anomalum Hemsl.
- Arisaema aprile J.Murata
- 旱生南星 Arisaema aridum H.Li
- 阿里山南星 Arisaema arisanense
- 刺柄南星 Arisaema asperatum N.E.Br.
- Arisaema atropurpurea Blume
- Arisaema attenuatum E.Barnes & C.E.C.Fisch.
- 長耳南星 Arisaema auriculatum Buchet
- 滇南星 Arisaema austroyunnanense H.Li
- Arisaema averyanovii V.D.Nguyen & P.C.Boyce
- Arisaema balansae Engl.
- Arisaema bannaense H.Li
- Arisaema barbatum Buchet
- Arisaema barnesiae C.E.C.Fisch.
- Arisaema barnesii C.E.C.Fisch.
- 銀南星 Arisaema bathycoleum Hand.-Mazz.
- Arisaema biauriculatum W.W.Sm.
- 大關山南星 Arisaema biradiatifolium
- 七葉燈台蓮 Arisaema bockii Engl.
- Arisaema bogneri P.C.Boyce & H.Li
- 滄江南星 Arisaema bonatianum Engl.
- Arisaema bottae Schott
- 短檐南星 Arisaema brachyspathum
- 短柄南星 Arisaema brevipes
- 短苞南星 Arisaema brevispathum
- Arisaema brinchangense Y.W.Low, Scherber. & Gusman[9]
- Arisaema brucei H.Li, R.Li & J.Murata
- Arisaema burmaense P.C.Boyce & H.Li
- 紅根南星 Arisaema calcareum H.Li
- 白苞南星 Arisaema candidissimum W.W.Sm.
- Arisaema caudatum Engl.
- Arisaema chauvanminhii Luu, Q.D.Nguyen & N.L.Vu
- Arisaema chenii Z.X.Ma & Yi Jun Huang
- Arisaema chumponense Gagnep.
- 雙耳南星 Arisaema ciliatum H.Li
- 棒頭南星 Arisaema clavatum Buchet
- Arisaema claviforme Brugg., J.Ponert, Rybková & Vuong
- 皺序南星 Arisaema concinnum Schott
- Arisaema condaoense V.D.Nguyen
- Arisaema condaoensis V.D.Nguyen
- 長行天南星 Arisaema consanguineum Schott
- Arisaema constrictum E.Barnes
- 心檐南星 Arisaema cordatum N.E.Br.
- 多脈南星 Arisaema costatum (Wall.) Mart.
- Arisaema cretacea Lesquereux, 1891
- Arisaema cucullatum M.Hotta
- 會澤南星 Arisaema dahaiense H.Li
- 奇異南星 Arisaema decipiens Schott
- 大理南星 Arisaema delavayi
- 粗序南星 Arisaema dilatatum
- Arisaema dioscoridis Royle, 1840
- Arisaema dracontium (L.) Schott
- 雲台南星 Arisaema du-bois-reymondiae
- 刺棒南星 Arisaema echinatum (Wall.) Schott
- Arisaema echinoides H.Li
- Arisaema ehimense J.Murata & J.Ohno
- 象南星 Arisaema elephas Buchet
- Arisaema enneaphyllum Hochst. ex A.Rich.
- Arisaema erubescens (Wall.) Schott
- 圈藥南星 Arisaema exappendiculatum H.Hara
- 螃蟹七 Arisaema fargesii Buchet
- Arisaema filiforme (Reinw.) Blume
- Arisaema fimbriatum Mast.
- Arisaema fischeri Manudev & Nampy
- 黃苞南星 Arisaema flavum (Forssk.) Schott
- 台灣天南星 Arisaema formosanum (Hayata) Hayata
- 象頭花 Arisaema franchetianum Engl.
- Arisaema fraternum Schott
- Arisaema galeaeforme Seriz.
- Arisaema galeatum N.E.Br.
- Arisaema garrettii Gagnep.
- Arisaema ghaticum (Sardesai, S.P.Gaikwad & S.R.Yadav) Punekar & Kumaran
- 二色南星 Arisaema grapsospadix Hayata
- 翼檐南星 Arisaema griffithii Schott
- Arisaema guangxiense G.W.Hu & H.Li
- Arisaema guttatum Wall.
- 黎婆花 Arisaema hainanense C.Y.Wu ex H.Li, Y.Shiao & S.L.Tseng
- 疣序南星 Arisaema handelii Stapf ex Hand.-Mazz.
- Arisaema heptaphyllum Blume
- Arisaema hesperia Knowlton, 1926
- Arisaema heterocephalum Koidz.
- 天南星 Arisaema heterophyllum Blume
- Arisaema honbaense Luu, Tich, G.Tran & V.D.Nguyen
- 湘南星 Arisaema hunanense Hand.-Mazz.
- 洪雅南星 Arisaema hungyaense
- 宜蘭天南星 Arisaema ilanense J.C.Wang
- Arisaema inaense (Seriz.) Seriz. ex K.Sasam. & J.Murata
- Arisaema inclusum (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. ex B.D.Jacks.
- Arisaema inclusum N.E.Br.
- 三匹箭 Arisaema inkiangense
- 斑葉三匹箭 Arisaema inkiangense var. maculatum
- 高原南星 Arisaema intermedium Blume
- Arisaema ishizuchiense Murata
- Arisaema iyoanum Makino
- 藏南綠南星 Arisaema jacquemontii Blume
- 蛇頭草 Arisaema japonicum Blume
- Arisaema jethompsonii Thiyagaraj & P.Daniel
- Arisaema jingdongense H.Peng & H.Li
- Arisaema kawashimae Seriz.
- 基隆南星 Arisaema kelung-insulare
- Arisaema kerrii Craib
- Arisaema kishidae Makino ex Nakai
- Arisaema kishidai Makino ex Nakai, 1917
- Arisaema kiushianum Makino
- Arisaema kuratae Seriz.
- Arisaema lackneri Engl.
- Arisaema laminatum Blume
- Arisaema langbiangense Luu, Nguyen-Phi & H.T.Van
- Arisaema leschenaultii Blume
- 麗江南星 Arisaema lichiangense W.W.Sm.
- Arisaema lidaense J.Murata & S.K.Wu
- Arisaema lihenganum J.Murata & S.K.Wu
- Arisaema lihengianum J.Murata & S.K.Wu
- Arisaema limbatum Nakai & F.Maek.
- 線葉南星 Arisaema lineare
- 凌雲南星 Arisaema lingyunense H.Li
- 花南星 Arisaema lobatum Engl.
- Arisaema longecaudatum Blatt., 1931
- Arisaema longipedunculatum M.Hotta
- Arisaema longitubum Z.X.Ma
- Arisaema lushuiense G.W.Hu & H.Li
- Arisaema macrospathum Benth.
- Arisaema madhuanum Nampy & Manudev
- Arisaema maekawae J.Murata & S.Kakish.
- Arisaema mairei H.Lév.
- 線花天南星 Arisaema matsudae
- 線花南星 Arisaema matsudai
- Arisaema mattewanense Hollick, 1897
- Arisaema maximowiczii (Engl.) Nakai
- Arisaema maxwellii Hett. & Gusman
- Arisaema mayebarae Nakai
- Arisaema melanostoma Z.X.Ma, X.Yun Wang & W.Y.Du
- 褐斑南星 Arisaema meleagris Buchet
- 具齒褐斑南星 Arisaema meleagris var. sinuatum
- Arisaema menglaense Y.H.Ji, H.Li & Z.F.Xu
- Arisaema microspadix Engl.
- Arisaema mildbraedii Engl.
- Arisaema minamitanii Seriz.
- Arisaema minus (Seriz.) J.Murata
- Arisaema monophyllum Nakai
- Arisaema mooneyanum M.G.Gilbert & Mayo
- Arisaema multicarinatum Wall. ex Royle
- 多裂南星 Arisaema multisectum
- Arisaema muratae Gusman & J.T.Yin
- Arisaema muricaudatum Sivad.
- Arisaema murrayi (J.Graham) Hook.
- Arisaema nagiense Tom.Kobay., K.Sasam. & J.Murata
- Arisaema nambae Kitam.
- 南潭南星 Arisaema nangtciangense Pamp.
- 南仁山天南星 Arisaema nanjenense
- 南漳南星 Arisaema nantciangense
- Arisaema negishii Makino
- 豬籠南星 Arisaema nepenthoides (Wall.) Mart.
- Arisaema nikoense Nakai
- Arisaema nilamburense Sivad.
- Arisaema nonghinense Klinrat. & Yannawat
- 溪南山南星 Arisaema oblanceolatum
- Arisaema odoratum J.Murata & S.K.Wu
- Arisaema ogatae Koidz.
- Arisaema omkoiense Gusman
- 驢耳南星 Arisaema onoticum
- Arisaema ornatum Miq.
- Arisaema ovale Nakai
- Arisaema pachystachyum Hett. & Gusman
- Arisaema pallidum Engl.
- Arisaema pangii H.Li
- Arisaema parisifolium J.Murata
- 小南星 Arisaema parvum N.E.Br. ex Hemsl.
- Arisaema pattaniense Gagnep.
- Arisaema peerumedense J.Mathew
- Arisaema peltatum C.E.C.Fisch.
- 畫筆南星 Arisaema penicillatum N.E.Br.
- Arisaema petelotii K.Krause
- 三匹箭 Arisaema petiolulatum Hook.f.
- Arisaema pianmaense H.Li
- Arisaema pierreanum Engl.
- Arisaema pingbianense H.Li
- Arisaema polyphyllum (Blanco) Merr.
- 河谷南星 Arisaema prazeri Hook.f.
- 藏南星 Arisaema propinquum Schott
- Arisaema pseudoangustatum Seriz.
- Arisaema psittacus E.Barnes
- Arisaema purpureogaleatum Engl.
- Arisaema quinatum (Nutt.) Schott
- Arisaema ramulosum Alderw.
- 雪裡見 Arisaema rhizomatum
- 綏陽雪裡見 Arisaema rhizomatum var. nudum
- 黑南星 Arisaema rhombiforme
- 普陀南星 Arisaema ringens (Thunb.) Schott
- Arisaema rostratum V.D.Nguyen & P.C.Boyce
- Arisaema roxburghii Kunth
- Arisaema rubrirhizomatum H.Li & J.Murata
- Arisaema ruwenzoricum N.E.Br.
- Arisaema sachalinense (Miyabe & Kudô) J.Murata
- Arisaema saddlepeakense P.S.N.Rao & S.K.Srivast.
- Arisaema sarracenioides E.Barnes & C.E.C.Fisch.
- 岩生南星 Arisaema saxatile Buchet
- Arisaema sazensoo (Blume) Makino
- Arisaema schimperianum Schott
- Arisaema scortechinii Hook.f.
- Arisaema seppikoense Kitam.
- 細齒南星 Arisaema serratum (Thunb.) Schott
- 綠苞細齒南星 Arisaema serratum var. viridescens
- Arisaema setosum A.S.Rao & D.M.Verma
- 石棉南星 Arisaema shihmienense
- Arisaema siamicum Gagnep.
- Arisaema sikkimense Stapf, 1925
- 全緣燈台蓮 Arisaema sikokianum Franch. & Sav.
- 燈台蓮 Arisaema sikokianum var. serratum
- 鄂西南星 Arisaema silvestrii Pamp.
- 瑤山南星 Arisaema sinii K.Krause
- Arisaema sizemoreae Hett. & Gusman
- 相嶺南星 Arisaema smithii
- Arisaema smitinandii S.Y.Hu
- Arisaema somalense M.G.Gilbert & Mayo
- 東俄洛南星 Arisaema souliei Buchet
- 美麗南星 Arisaema speciosum (Wall.) Mart.
- Arisaema subulatum Manudev & Nampy
- Arisaema sukotaiense Gagnep.
- 台北南星 Arisaema taihokense
- 蓬萊天南星 Arisaema taiwanense J.Murata
- Arisaema tamulosum Alderw.
- Arisaema tashiroi Kitam.
- 騰衝南星 Arisaema tengtsungense H.Li
- Arisaema ternatipartitum Makino
- Arisaema thunbergii Blume
- 曲序南星 Arisaema tortuosum (Wall.) Schott
- 曲序南星 Arisaema tortuosum Steud. ex Engl., 1879
- Arisaema tosaense Makino
- Arisaema translucens C.E.C.Fisch.
- Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott
- Arisaema tuberculatum C.E.C.Fisch.
- Arisaema ulugurense M.G.Gilbert & Mayo
- Arisaema umbrinum Ridl.
- Arisaema undulatifolium Nakai
- 洱海南星 Arisaema undulatum
- 網檐南星 Arisaema utile Hook.f. ex Engl.
- Arisaema utile Hook.f. ex Schott
- Arisaema vexillatum H.Hara & H.Ohashi
- Arisaema victoriae V.D.Nguyen
- Arisaema wangmoense M.T.An, H.H.Zhang & Q.Lin
- 隱序南星 Arisaema wardii C.Marquand & Airy Shaw
- Arisaema wattii Hook.f.
- Arisaema wightinum Bhone
- 川中南星 Arisaema wilsonii Engl.
- 短柄川中南星 Arisaema wilsonii var. forrestii
- Arisaema wrayi Hemsl.
- Arisaema xuanweiense H.Li
- Arisaema yakusimense Nakai, 1935
- Arisaema yamatense (Nakai) Nakai
- 山珠南星 Arisaema yunnanense Buchet
- 樟瑯鄉南星 Arisaema zanlanscianense
- Arisaema zhui H.Li
參考文獻
編輯- ^ 1.0 1.1 Arisaema Mart.. Plants of the World Online. Kew Science. [2019-09-07]. （原始內容存檔於2020-10-28）.
- ^ Barriault, I.; Barabé, D.; Cloutier, L.; Gibernau, M. Pollination ecology and reproductive success in Jack-in-the-pulpit (Arisaema triphyllum) in Québec (Canada): Pollination of Arisaema triphyllum. Plant Biology. 2010-01, 12 (1): 161–171. doi:10.1111/j.1438-8677.2009.00192.x.
- ^ Ohi-Toma, Tetsuo; Wu, Sugong; Murata, Hiroko; Murata, Jin. An updated genus-wide phylogenetic analysis of Arisaema (Araceae) with reference to sections. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 2016-09, 182 (1): 100–114. doi:10.1111/boj.12459.
- ^ 中国种子植物科属词典. 中國數字植物標本館. [2012-08-02]. （原始內容存檔於2012-04-11）.
- ^ Li Hen. HIMALAYAS--HENGDUAN MOUNTAINS--THE CENTRE OF DISTRIBUTI0N AND DIFFERENTIATION 0F THE GENUS ARISAEMA --T0 DISCUSS THE PROBLEMS AB0UT THE ORIGIN AND MIGRATI0N OF THIS GENUS. Plant Diversity. 1980, (4): 1–3 [2024-09-18].
- ^ Liu, Dexin; Wang, Qingfeng; Yang, Chunfeng. Flower diversity and pollination strategy in Araceae. Biodiversity Science. 2022, 30 (3): 21426. doi:10.17520/biods.2021426.
- ^ Shu, Weijie; He, Hua; Zeng, Luo; Gu, Zhirong; Tan, Dunyan; Yang, Xiaochen. Spatial distribution and sexual dimorphism of dioecious <i>Arisaema erubescens</i>. Biodiversity Science. 2024, 32 (6): 24084. doi:10.17520/biods.2024084.
- ^ Doust, Jon Lovett; Cavers, Paul B. Sex and Gender Dynamics in Jack-in-the-Pulpit, Arisaema Triphyllum (Araceae). Ecology. 1982-06, 63 (3): 797–808. doi:10.2307/1936800.
- ^ Low, Yee Wen; Scherberich, David; Gusman, Guy. Arisaema brinchangense Y.W. Low, Scherberich & Gusman (Araceae), a New Threatened Species Endemic to the Cameron Highlands (Peninsular Malaysia). Candollea. 2016-06-01, 71 (1): 83. doi:10.15553/c2016v711a10.