射流 (流體)

射流（jet，fluid jet）又稱噴流，是噴射到周圍介質中的束狀流體，通常來自某種噴嘴、孔或孔口（英語：aperture）。 ^[1]射流可以前進很長距離^[多少？]而不耗散。

與周圍的流體介質相比，射流流體具有更高的動量。如果射流周圍的介質與射流由相同的流體組成，並且該流體具有粘度，則周圍流體會在稱為卷吸（英語：Entrainment (hydrodynamics)）的過程中被射流攜帶前進。 ^[2]

應用

液體射流在許多不同的領域都有應用。比如在日常生活中，它們產生自水龍頭、花灑和噴霧罐。在農業中，它們在灌溉和作物保護產品的使用中發揮作用。在醫學領域，注射和吸入器也會產生液體射流。工業上，液體射流用於水刀、塗布材料或冷卻塔。霧化液體射流對於內燃機的效率至關重要。它們在研究中也起着至關重要的作用，例如在蛋白質^[3]，相變^[4]，物質的極端狀態（英語：Extreme states of matter）^[5]，激光等離子體（英語：Laser plasma）^[6]和高次諧波的產生^[7]的研究中，以及在粒子物理實驗中。 ^[8]還有一些動物，尤其是頭足類動物，靠噴氣推進來移動。

在火箭發動機和噴氣發動機中存在氣體射流。人們還研究微觀液體射流在無創透皮藥物輸送中的潛在應用。 ^[9]

參考資料

^ Definition of JET. www.merriam-webster.com. [2022-01-13]. （原始內容存檔於2023-04-01）（英語）.
^ Swain, Prakash Chandra. Fluid Dynamics Lecture Notes (PDF). www.vssut.ac.in. 2016 [26 July 2021]. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2023-03-12）.
^ Frauke Bierau; et al, Catching Proteins in Liquid Helium Droplets, Physical Review Letters, 2010, 105 (13), p. 133402, arXiv:1008.3816  , doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.133402
^ Matthias Kühnel; et al, Time-Resolved Study of Crystallization in Deeply Cooled Liquid Parahydrogen, Physical Review Letters, 2011, 106, p. 245301, doi:10.1103/physrevlett.106.245301
^ Neumayer, P; et al, Evidence for ultra-fast heating in intense-laser irradiated reduced-mass targets, Physics of Plasmas, 2012, 19, p. 122708, doi:10.1063/1.4772773
^ R. A. Costa Fraga; et al, Compact cryogenic source of periodic hydrogen and argon droplet beams for relativistic laser-plasma generation, Review of Scientific Instruments, 2012, 83, p. 025102, arXiv:1109.0398  , doi:10.1063/1.3681940
^ T.T. Luu; Z. Yin; et al, Extreme–ultraviolet high–harmonic generation in liquids, Nature Communication, 2018, 19, p. 3723, doi:10.1038/s41467-018-06040-4
^ Gianluigi Boca, The PANDA experiment: physics goals and experimental setup, EPJ Web of Conferences, 2014, 72, p. 00002, doi:10.1051/epjconf/20147200002
^ Postema M, van Wamel A, ten Cate FJ, de Jong N. High-speed photography during ultrasound illustrates potential therapeutic applications of microbubbles. Medical Physics. 2005, 32 (12): 3707-3711. doi:10.1118/1.2133718.

Pijush K. Kundu and Ira M. Cohen, "Fluid mechanics, Volume 10", Elsevier, Burlington, MA,USA (2008), ISBN 978-0-12-373735-9
Falkovich, G. Fluid Mechanics, a short course for physicists. Cambridge University Press. 2011. ISBN 978-1-107-00575-4.

這是一篇與流體動力學相關的小作品。您可以透過編輯或修訂擴充其內容。

[1] Definition of JET. www.merriam-webster.com. [2022-01-13]. （原始內容存檔於2023-04-01）（英語）.

[2] Swain, Prakash Chandra. Fluid Dynamics Lecture Notes (PDF). www.vssut.ac.in. 2016 [26 July 2021]. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2023-03-12）.

[3] Frauke Bierau; et al, Catching Proteins in Liquid Helium Droplets, Physical Review Letters, 2010, 105 (13), p. 133402, arXiv:1008.3816  , doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.133402

[4] Matthias Kühnel; et al, Time-Resolved Study of Crystallization in Deeply Cooled Liquid Parahydrogen, Physical Review Letters, 2011, 106, p. 245301, doi:10.1103/physrevlett.106.245301

[5] Neumayer, P; et al, Evidence for ultra-fast heating in intense-laser irradiated reduced-mass targets, Physics of Plasmas, 2012, 19, p. 122708, doi:10.1063/1.4772773

[6] R. A. Costa Fraga; et al, Compact cryogenic source of periodic hydrogen and argon droplet beams for relativistic laser-plasma generation, Review of Scientific Instruments, 2012, 83, p. 025102, arXiv:1109.0398  , doi:10.1063/1.3681940

[7] T.T. Luu; Z. Yin; et al, Extreme–ultraviolet high–harmonic generation in liquids, Nature Communication, 2018, 19, p. 3723, doi:10.1038/s41467-018-06040-4

[8] Gianluigi Boca, The PANDA experiment: physics goals and experimental setup, EPJ Web of Conferences, 2014, 72, p. 00002, doi:10.1051/epjconf/20147200002

[9] Postema M, van Wamel A, ten Cate FJ, de Jong N. High-speed photography during ultrasound illustrates potential therapeutic applications of microbubbles. Medical Physics. 2005, 32 (12): 3707-3711. doi:10.1118/1.2133718.

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射流 (流體)

應用

相關條目

參考資料