旋螺屬

扁蜷科的一属软体动物

旋螺屬學名Gyraulus),又名圓口扁蜷屬[2],為腹足綱泛有肺類扁卷螺科[3],體型細小,大多數為會呼吸空氣的淡水螺[4]:126。部分物種乃中國特有物種。

旋螺屬
化石時期:早白堊世至現在
Gyraulus crista的兩個殼
科學分類 編輯
界: 動物界 Animalia
門: 軟體動物門 Mollusca
綱: 腹足綱 Gastropoda
科: 扁蜷科 Planorbidae
亞科: 扁蜷亞科 Planorbinae
族: 扁蜷族 Planorbini
屬: 旋螺屬 Gyraulus
Charpentier, 1837[1]:21
模式種
Planorbis albus O. F. Müller, 1774
異名
  • Anisus (Gyraulus) Agassiz in Charpentier, 1837 (Gyraulus has genus rank)
  • Armiger Hartmann, 1843 (Armiger is ranked as subgenus of Gyraulus)
  • Caillaudia Bourguignat, 1883
  • Glyptanisus Iredale, 1943
  • Gyraulus (Armiger) Hartmann, 1843
  • Gyraulus (Caillaudia) Bourguignat, 1883
  • Gyraulus (Carinogyraulus) Polinski, 1929
  • Gyraulus (Choanomphalodes) Lindholm, 1927
  • Gyraulus (Gyraulus) Charpentier, 1837
  • Gyraulus (Lamorbis) Starobogatov, 1967
  • Gyraulus (Torquis) Dall, 1905
  • Planorbis (Armiger) Hartmann, 1843 (Armiger is ranked as subgenus of Gyraulus)
  • Planorbis (Gyraulus) Agassiz in Charpentier, 1837 (Gyraulus is treated as separate genus)

本屬物種最早出現的時間,根據化石紀錄,可以上推至早白堊世,一直延續至今。在今日華北地區的熱河群義縣組的湖底沉積物(具體位置在今日的北京城郊鄰近河北省下莊鄉)發現本屬物種的化石,年代可上遡至1.25億年前[5]

微細的物種Gyraulus crista在技術上雖然仍是一隻有肺類的腹足綱物種,這些動物其實並不會在空氣中呼吸,而是依靠充滿了水的外套膜

分佈

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本屬物種廣泛分佈於全北區

習性

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旋螺屬在淡水的水生植物上生活。

型態描述

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螺殼半透明,質薄,體型小,而且大多數都是平旋殼[2]

物種

編輯

截至2018年8月20日 (2018-08-20)WoRMS記載本屬已紀錄的名稱達420個,當中已接受的現生種及化石種名稱也有241個[6]。過往旋螺屬的物種可以再分為以下三個亞屬:

但這種分類現時只被作「另類表達方式」來處理。

以下詳列本屬之亞屬及其物種:

亞屬 Armiger W. Hartmann, 1843[7]

亞屬 Carinogyraulus Polinski, 1929:[9] represented as Gyraulus

亞屬 Gyraulus Charpentier, 1837

亞屬 Lamorbis Starobogatov, 1967:[11] represented as Gyraulis

亞屬 Nautilinus Mousson, 1872[12]

亞屬 Torquis Dall, 1905[14]

亞屬 ?

Species inquerenda
  • Gyraulus acutus Clessin, 1907
  • Gyraulus percarinatus Paraense, 2000 name unavailable under ICZN Art. 16.4)
Species brought into synonymy
  • Gyraulus deformis Hartmann, 1844: synonym of Gyraulus acronicus (Férussac, 1807)
  • Gyraulus trochiformis applanatus (Thomä, 1845): synonym of † Gyraulus applanatus (Thomä, 1845)
  • Gyraulus (Gyraulus) trochiformis applanatus var. ludovici (Noulet, 1854): synonym of † Gyraulus ludovici (Noulet, 1854)
  • Gyraulus (Gyraulus) trochiformis kleini var. aequeumbilicatus (Hilgendorf, 1867): synonym of † Gyraulus kleini (Gottschick & Wenz, 1916)
  • Gyraulus (Gyraulus) trochiformis kleini var. subinvolutus Gottschick, 1920: synonym of † Gyraulus kleini (Gottschick & Wenz, 1916)
  • Gyraulus (Gyraulus) trochiformis kleini var. subkleini Gottschick, 1920: synonym of † Gyraulus kleini (Gottschick & Wenz, 1916)
  • Gyraulus (Gyraulus) trochiformis steinheimensis var. parvus (Hilgendorf, 1867): synonym of † Gyraulus steinheimensis (Hilgendorf, 1867)
  • Gyraulus (Gyraulus) trochiformis subhemistoma var. teres (Hilgendorf, 1867): synonym of † Gyraulus minutus (Hilgendorf, 1867)
  • Gyraulus (Gyraulus) trochiformis subhemistoma var. triquetrus (Hilgendorf, 1867): synonym of † Gyraulus triquetrus (Hilgendorf, 1867)
  • Gyraulus (Gyraulus) trochiformis trochiformis var. elegans (Hilgendorf, 1867): synonym of † Gyraulus trochiformis (Stahl, 1824)
  • Gyraulus (Gyraulus) trochiformis trochiformis var. turbiniformis (von Zieten, 1832): synonym of † Gyraulus trochiformis (Stahl, 1824)

參考文獻

編輯
  1. ^ de Charpentier, J. Catalogue des mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles de la Suisse. Formant la seconde partie de la faune Helvétique. Neue Denkschriften der Allgemeinen Schweizerischen Gesellschaft für die Gesammten Naturwissenschaften - Nouveaux Mémoires de la Société Helvétique des Sciences Naturelles (Neuchatel). 1837, 1 (2): 1-28, Tab. I-II [= 1-2] (法語). 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 国际贝库:圆口扁蜷. 台灣貝類資料庫. [2018-08-20]. (原始內容存檔於2016-03-04) (中文(繁體)). 
  3. ^ Albrecht, C.; Kuhn, K.; Streit, B. A molecular phylogeny of Planorboidea (Gastropoda, Pulmonata): insights from enhanced taxon sampling. Zoologica Scripta. 2007, 36: 27–39. doi:10.1111/j.1463-6409.2006.00258.x (英語). 
  4. ^ Martin Ivanov; Růžena Gregorová; Stanislava Hrdličková. Encyklopedie zkamenělin [化石百科全書] 1st. Dobřejovice (捷克): Rebo Productions. 2001: 312 pp. [2018-08-20]. ISBN 8072340956. (原始內容存檔於2018-08-20) (捷克語). 
  5. ^ Pan, H.; Zhu, X. Early Cretaceous non-marine gastropods from the Xiazhuang Formation in North China.. Cretaceous Research. 2007, 28 (2): 215–224. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2006.12.001 (英語). 
  6. ^ WoRMS. Gyraulus Charpentier, 1837. 世界海洋物種目錄(庫存版本). [2018-08-20]. (原始內容存檔於2018-08-20). 
  7. ^ Hartmann W. (1840). Erd- u. Süssw. Gast. (1), "Syst. Ueber."; 1842, (5, 6), 172.
  8. ^ "Armiger"頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館). Fauna Europaea, last update 27 January 2011, accessed 1 May 2011.
  9. ^ Polinski (1929). Glasnik srps. Kralj. Akad. Belgrade 65, 134, 161, 163.
  10. ^ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 10.6 10.7 10.8 "Gyraulus"頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館). Fauna Europaea, last update 27 January 2011, accessed 1 May 2011.
  11. ^ Starobogatov (1967). Trudy zool. Inst. Leningr. 42: 296.
  12. ^ Mousson A. (1873) [September 1872]. N. Denkschr. schweiz. Ges. 25: 15.
  13. ^ "Nautilinus"頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館). Fauna Europaea, last update 27 January 2011, accessed 1 May 2011.
  14. ^ Dall (1905). Harriman Alaska Exp. 13: 83, 86.
  15. ^ 15.0 15.1 "Torquis"頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館). Fauna Europaea, last update 27 January 2011, accessed 1 May 2011.
  16. ^ (德文) Glöer P. & Bössneck U. (2007). "Zur Identität von Gyraulus piscinarum (Bourguignat, 1852) mit der Beschreibung von G. bekaensis n. sp. (Gastropoda: Planorbidae)". Mollusca 25(2): 139-146. PDF頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館
  17. ^ ncbi: Gyraulus convexiusculus. [2016-10-01]. (原始內容存檔於2009-07-03). 
  18. ^ Appleton C., Ghamizi M., Jørgensen A., Kristensen T. K., Lange C., Stensgaard A-S. & Van Damme D. (2009). Gyraulus costulatus. In: IUCN 2010. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2010.4. <http://www.iucnredlist.org頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館)>. Downloaded on 21 March 2011
  19. ^ 19.0 19.1 19.2 19.3 19.4 "Carinogyraulus"頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館). Fauna Europaea, last update 27 January 2011, accessed 1 May 2011.
  20. ^ Vinarski M.V., Glöer P. & Palatov D.M. (2013) Gyraulus elenae sp. n. — a new planorbid snail from eastern Turkey (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Planorbidae). Zootaxa 3664(1): 095–098
  21. ^ Brown D. S. (1996). Gyraulus mauritianus. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館) Downloaded on 7 August 2007.
  22. ^ 22.0 22.1 "Lamorbis"頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館). Fauna Europaea, last update 27 January 2011, accessed 1 May 2011.

外部連結

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