氟磺酸鹽
氟磺酸鹽是氟磺酸的鹽,含有SO3F−離子。氟磺酸根可以看作是硫酸氫根的一個羥基被氟取代而成的離子。[1]氟磺酸根離子與金屬陽離子形成配合物的傾向較低。由於氟的大小和氧相似,氟磺酸根基本是四面體形的,類似於高氯酸根。它和硫酸氫根 HSO−
4是等電子體。[2] 如果氟磺酸的氫原子被替換成有機基團,就會形成氟磺酸酯。
氟磺酸鹽 | |
---|---|
英文名 | Fluorosulfate |
識別 | |
CAS號 | 15181-47-2 |
性質 | |
化學式 | SO3F− |
若非註明,所有數據均出自標準狀態(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。 |
在溶液中,氟磺酸根會完全電離。這個離子的體積為 47.8 cm3/mol。[3]大部分金屬和季銨鹽都可以形成氟磺酸鹽。[3]氟磺酸鹽可以由金屬氯化物和無水氟磺酸反應而成,並放出氯化氫。複分解反應製備法包括金屬硫酸鹽和氟磺酸鋇的反應,或是金屬氯化物和氟磺酸銀的反應,會留下沉澱。[3]
氟磺酸根的配位性很弱,且難以氧化。它在歷史上作為很重要的非配位陰離子模型。然而,到了21世紀,氟硫酸鹽在這種用途中被BARF取代了。[2]
很多二元氟磺酸鹽是已知的。非金屬氟磺酸鹽包括鹵素和氙的氟磺酸鹽。[2]一些三元氟磺酸鹽也是已知的,包括 Cs[Sb(SO3F)6]、Cs[Au(SO3F)4]和 Cs2[Pt(SO3F)6][2]。
相關的離子化合物有氟代硒酸鹽 SeO3F− 和氟代亞硫酸鹽 SO2F−。[4]氟化硫酸鹽則是另外一類化合物,它們的氟離子沒有和硫酸根連接。
reederite-(Y)是一種含有氟磺酸根的天然礦物。它是一種混合陰離子化合物,其中也存在着碳酸根和氯離子。[5]
化合物列表
編輯化學式 | 名稱 | 顏色 | 分解溫度(°C) | 分解產物 | 晶體結構 | 參考資料 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LiSO3F | 氟磺酸鋰 | C2/m a=8.54 b=7.62 c=4.98 β=90.0 V=81 | [1] | |||
Be(SO3F)2 | 氟磺酸鈹 | SO3 | [6] | |||
CF3(SO3F) | 氟磺酸三氟甲酯 | [6] | ||||
CF2(SO3F)2 | [6] | |||||
CF(SO3F)3 | [6] | |||||
C(SO3F)4 | 氟磺酸碳 | [6] | ||||
NH4SO3F | 氟磺酸銨 | 正交晶系
Pnma a=8.97 b=6.00 c=7.54 V=101.4 Z=4 |
[1] | |||
N(CH3)4SO3F | 四甲基氟磺酸銨 | 正交晶系
Pnma a=8.38 b=8.38 c=5.86 V=102.88 Z=4 |
[1] | |||
NOSO3F | 氟磺酸亞硝酰 | 熔點 156 | 密度 1.96 | [4][7] | ||
NO2SO3F | 氟磺酸硝酰 | [7] | ||||
S2O6F2 | 過氧化氟磺酰 | [2] | ||||
NaSO3F | 氟磺酸鈉 | 六方晶系
a=5.4812 b=5.4812 c=6.5172 V=169.57 Z=2 密度 2.390 |
[1] | |||
Mg(SO3F)2 | 氟磺酸鎂 | SO3 | [4] | |||
Al(SO3F)2.3CH3CN | [8] | |||||
Al(SO3F)3 | 氟磺酸鋁 | 白色 | 聚合物,氟磺酸根是二齒橋接配體 | [9] | ||
Si(SO3F)4 | 氟磺酸硅 | S2O5F2 SiO2 |
[4] | |||
PO(SO3F)3 | 氟磺酸磷(V)酰 | S2O5F2 | [4] | |||
PO(SO3F) | 氟磺酸磷(III)酰 | [6] | ||||
ClSO3F | 氟磺酸氯 | [2] | ||||
ClO2SO3F | 氟磺酸氯酰 | 紅或淺黃 | 低熔點 | [10] | ||
KSO3F | 氟磺酸鉀 | Pnma a=8.62 b=5.84 c=7.35 V=92.5 | [1] | |||
Ca(SO3F)2 | 氟磺酸鈣 | CaF2 SO3 | [6] | |||
Ti(SO3F)4 | 氟磺酸鈦 | S2O5F2 | [4] | |||
VO(SO3F)3 | 氟磺酸氧釩 | 深紅色液體 | ||||
CrO2(SO3F)2 | 氟磺酸氧鉻 | 綠或棕 | [11] | |||
Mn(SO3F)2 | 氟磺酸錳(II) | [6] | ||||
MnO(SO3F) | 氟磺酸氧錳(III) | 深棕 | [6] | |||
Mn(SO3F)3 | 氟磺酸錳(III) | [12] | ||||
Mn(CO)4(SO3F) | 四羰基氟磺酸錳 | [12] | ||||
Mn(CO)5(SO3F) | 五羰基氟磺酸錳 | [12] | ||||
Rb2Mn(SO3F)5 | [12] | |||||
Cs2Mn(SO3F)5 | [12] | |||||
Fe(SO3F)3 | 氟磺酸鐵 | 灰綠色 | 230 | S2O5F2 SO3 FeF3 |
[13] | |
CoO(SO3F) | 氟磺酸氧鉻 | 巧克力色 | [6] | |||
Ni(SO3F)2 | 氟磺酸鎳 | [6] | ||||
Ni(py)4(SO3F)2
py=吡啶 |
[14] | |||||
NiO(SO3F) | 氟磺酸氧鎳 | 深灰色 | [6] | |||
Cu(SO3F)2 | 氟磺酸銅 | 淺黃或白 | 210 | S2O5F2 SO3 CuSO4 CuF2 |
[13] | |
Cu(py)4(SO3F)2 py=pyridine | [14] | |||||
Cu(SO3F).CH3CN | [8] | |||||
Zn(SO3F)2 | 氟磺酸鋅 | 白色 | 280 | SO3 ZnF2 |
[13] | |
Zn(py)4(SO3F)2 py=pyridine | [14] | |||||
Ga(SO3F)3 | 氟磺酸鎵 | 白色 | 240 | SO3 | 聚合物 | [15][16] |
As(SO3F)3 | 氟磺酸砷 | S2O5F2 | [4] | |||
AsF2(SO3F)3 | [6] | |||||
AsF3(SO3F)2 | [6] | |||||
BrSO3F | 氟磺酸溴 | 紅色液體 | [2] | |||
RbSO3F | 氟磺酸銣 | 正交晶系
Pnma a=8.7812 b=6.0318 c=7.5108 V=397.82 Z=4 密度 3.081 |
[1] | |||
Sr(SO3F)2 | 氟磺酸鍶 | SO2F2 | [6] | |||
MoO2(SO3F)2 | [17] | |||||
Nb(SO3F)5 | 氟磺酸鈮 | 無色溶液 | 25 | SO3 | [18] | |
NbO(SO3F)3 | 氟磺酸氧鈮 | 黃色液體 | [17] | |||
Ru(SO3F)3 | 氟磺酸釕 | 非常深的紅 | [19] | |||
CsRu(SO3F)4 | 深棕色 | [19] | ||||
ClO2Ru(SO3F)4 | 黑色 | [19] | ||||
CsRu(SO3F)5 | 紅棕色 | [19] | ||||
Cs2Ru(SO3F)6 | 亮橙色 | [19] | ||||
K2Ru(SO3F)6 | 亮橙色 | [19] | ||||
Rh(SO3F)3 | 氟磺酸銠 | 亮橙色 | 190 | [20] | ||
Pd(SO3F)2 | 氟磺酸鈀(II) | 紫色 | 250 | SO3 PdF2 | [21] | |
Pd(SO3F)3 | 氟磺酸鈀(III) | 深棕色 | 180 | [21] | ||
Pd(CO)2(SO3F)2 | 黃色 | [22] | ||||
c-Pd2(μ-CO)2](SO3F)2 | 橙色 | 單斜晶系
C2/c a=11.495 b=8.255 c=9.556 β =91.94 Z=8 |
[23] | |||
AgSO3F | 氟磺酸銀(I) | P21/m a=5.413 b=8.174 c=7.544 β=94.60 V=83.17 Z=4 | [1] | |||
Ag(SO3F)2 | 氟磺酸銀(II) | 深棕色 | 室溫 >120時反應迅速 |
Ag3(SO3F)4 SO3F• |
單斜晶系
a=10.5130 Å, b= 7.7524 Å, c = 8.9366 Å, β = 117.867° V =643.88 Å3, Z = 4 密度 3.15 gcm−3 |
[24] |
Ag2O(SO3F)2 | 黑色 | [6] | ||||
AgI2AgII(SO3F)4 | 氟磺酸銀(I,II) | 黑色 | [24] | |||
KAgI2AgII(SO3F)5 | 正交晶系
P 2221, a = 6.4736 b = 7.3915 c = 17.7736 |
[25] | ||||
RbAgI2AgII(SO3F)5 | 正交晶系
P 2221, a = 6.4828 b = 7.3551c = 18.0262 |
[25] | ||||
RbAg(SO3F)3 | 單斜晶系
P 21/m , a = 15.815 b = 15.486 c = 17.021 β = 101.513 |
[25] | ||||
CsAg(SO3F)3 | 三斜晶系
P1_ , a = 14.9241 b = 9.7046 c = 17.8465 α = 109.116°, β = 84.655° γ = 119.171° |
[25] | ||||
Cd(SO3F)2 | 氟磺酸鎘 | [6] | ||||
In(SO3F)3 | 氟磺酸銦 | 聚合物 | [26] | |||
Sn(SO3F)4 | S2O5F2 | [4] | ||||
SbF4SO3F | [6] | |||||
Sb(SO3F)2.2CH3CN | [8] | |||||
Cs[Sb(SO3F)6] | 六(氟磺酸根)合銻(V)酸銫 | 三方晶系
R3̄ a = 12.0317 Å, c = 12.026 Å, Z = 3 |
[27] | |||
TeF5SO3F | [6] | |||||
ISO3F | 氟磺酸碘 | [28] | ||||
ICl2SO3F | [28] | |||||
IBr2SO3F | 鏽棕色 | 90 | ISO3F, Br2 | [28] | ||
IO2SO3F | 氟磺酸碘酰 | 黃色 | 100 | [29] | ||
IF3(SO3F)2 | 二(氟磺酸根)三氟化碘 | [4] | ||||
FXe(SO3F) | [6] | |||||
Xe(SO3F)2 | 氟磺酸氙(II) | [2] | ||||
F5Xe(SO3F) | 氟磺酸五氟化氙 | [6] | ||||
CsSO3F | 氟磺酸銫 | l41/a a=5.611 b=5.611 c=14.13 V=111.3 Z=4 | [1] | |||
Cs[H(SO3F)2] | 氟磺酸氫銫 | [27] | ||||
Ba(SO3F)2 | 氟磺酸鋇 | BaSO4 SO2F2 | [6] | |||
Ho(SO3F)3 | 氟磺酸鈥 | [30] | ||||
Ta(SO3F)5 | 氟磺酸鉭 | 無色溶液 | [18] | |||
TaO(SO3F)3 | 氟磺酸氧鉭 | 黃色液體 | [17] | |||
WO(SO3F)4 | 四(氟磺酸根)氧鎢 | 無色液體 | [17][31] | |||
ReO2(SO3F)3 | 三(氟磺酸根)二氧錸 | 白色固體 | [17] | |||
ReO3(SO3F) | 氟磺酸三氧錸 | 黃色液體 | [17] | |||
Re(CO)5(SO3F) | [12] | |||||
Os(SO3F)3 | 亮綠色 | 130 | [20] | |||
Ir(SO3F)3 | 氟磺酸銥(III) | [32] | ||||
Ir(SO3F)4 | 氟磺酸銥(IV) | [33] | ||||
Cs2Ir(SO3F)6 | [33] | |||||
BaIr(SO3F)6 | [33] | |||||
(ClO2)2Ir(SO3F)6 | [33] | |||||
mer-Ir(CO)3(SO3F)3 | 無色 | 單斜晶系
P21/c, Z = 4, a = 8.476 b = 12.868 c = 12.588 β = 108.24°, V = 1304.0 |
[32] | |||
Pt(SO3F)4 | 氟磺酸鉑 | [22] | ||||
Cs2[Pt(SO3F)6] | 六(氟磺酸根)合鉑(IV)酸銫 | [27] | ||||
Pt(CO)2(SO3F)2 | 奶油色 | [22] | ||||
AuICO(SO3F) | [22] | |||||
AuII(SO3F)2 | 氟磺酸金(II) | 黃紅色 | [34] | |||
AuIII(SO3F)3 | 氟磺酸金(III) | [22] | ||||
Cs[Au(SO3F)4] | 四(氟磺酸根)合金(III)酸銫 | 單斜晶系
C2/c a = 17.725 Å, b = 5.822 Å, c = 14.624 Å, β = 102.120°, Z = 4 |
[27] | |||
Hg(SO3F)2 | 氟磺酸汞 | 密度 3.715 | [13] | |||
TlSO3F | 氟磺酸鉈(I) | 正交晶系
a=5.2205 b=5.5141 c=13.4378 V=386.83 Z=4 密度 5.210 |
[1] | |||
TlO(SO3F) | 氟磺酸氧鉈(III) | 棕色 | [6] | |||
Tl(SO3F)3 | 氟磺酸鉈(III) | [26] | ||||
Pb(SO3F)4 | 氟磺酸鉛(IV) | [18][35] | ||||
Bi(SO3F)3 | [18][36] | |||||
Th(SO3F)4 | 氟磺酸釷 | [18] | ||||
U(SO3F)2 | 氟磺酸鈾(II) | 黃色 | [17] | |||
U(SO3F)3 | 氟磺酸鈾(III) | 綠色 | [17] | |||
U(SO3F)4 | 氟磺酸鈾(IV) | 肉色 | [18][37] | |||
Na2U(SO3F)6 | [17] | |||||
UO(SO3F)2 | 氟磺酸鈾(IV)酰 | [37] | ||||
UO2(SO3F)2 | 氟磺酸鈾(VI)酰 | [37] |
參考資料
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