維基百科

竹葉青蛇屬

蝰科的一属爬行动物

竹葉青屬（學名：Trimeresurus），又名竹葉青蛇屬、青竹絲屬，是蝰蛇科的其中一屬，主要分布在亞洲的印度、東南亞、中國以及太平洋上的島嶼，共有三十多種，台灣話稱為青竹絲，屬於破壞血小板凝固功能的出血性毒蛇。

竹葉青蛇屬
白唇竹葉青（Trimeresurus albolabris）
科學分類 編輯
界： 動物界 Animalia
門： 脊索動物門 Chordata
綱： 爬蟲綱 Reptilia
目： 有鱗目 Squamata
亞目： 蛇亞目 Serpentes
科： 蝰科 Viperidae
亞科： 蝮蛇亞科 Crotalinae
屬： 竹葉青蛇屬 Trimeresurus
Lacépède, 1804
種

約30種，詳見內文。

異名
  • Cryptelytrops Malhotra & Thorpe, 2004
  • Parias Gray, 1849
  • Peltopelor Vogel et al., 2004
  • Viridovipera Malhotra & Thorpe, 2004
  • Craspedocephalus
    Kuhl & van Hasselt, 1822
  • Trimeresura – Fleming, 1822
  • Craspedocephalus – Gray, 1825
  • Megaera Wagler, 1830
  • Atropos Wagler, 1830
  • Trimesurus Gray, 1842

特徵 編輯

竹葉青蛇是具管牙、頰窩的毒蛇。牙較大，但沒有蝰蛇牙大。頭三角形，吻尖。尾巴後面紅了一節，這是與翠青蛇最明顯的區別。南亞採茶時傳職業傷害被此蛇咬到手指。

血循毒為主，平均一次排毒5毫克。人致死劑量100毫克。

分類及分布 編輯

廣泛分布於除北亞、中亞、西亞和日本以外所有的亞洲，常見攀附在竹叢上。

截止2022年6月1日，根據reptile-database中的數據，本屬包含43種：[1]

2004年，英國班戈大學的阿妮塔·馬爾霍特拉（Anita Malhotra）和羅傑·S·索普（Roger S Thorpe）結合半陰莖形態、鱗片特徵和分子生物學證據，對廣義的竹葉青屬進行了系統學研究，認為廣義的竹葉青屬不是一個單系，恢復腺蝮屬（Cryptelytrops）、等蝮屬（Parias）和奇盾蝮屬（Peltopelor）3屬，新建了喜山蝮屬（Himalayophis）、坡普蝮屬（Popeia）和綠蝮屬（Viridovipera）3屬。[15][16]但是也有學者認為被拆分的諸屬實際上是竹葉青屬的亞屬。[17]

參考文獻 編輯

  1. ^ Reptarium.cz Reptile Database 中的 Trimeresurus
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 David, Patrick; Vogel, Gernot; Vijayakumar, S.P.; Vidal, Nicolas. 2006. A revision of the Trimeresurus puniceus – complex (Serpentes: Viperidae: Crotalinae) based on morphological and molecular data. Zootaxa. 1293:1-78
  3. ^ Kin Onn Chan, Shahrul Anuar, Ananthanarayanan Sankar, Ingg Thong Law, Ing Sind Law, Rasu Shivaram, Ching Christian, Daniel G. Mulcahy and Anita Malhotra. 2023. A New Species of Pit-viper from the Ayeyarwady and Yangon regions in Myanmar (Viperidae, Trimeresurus). ZooKeys. 1186: 221-234. DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1186.110422
  4. ^ Grismer L. L., Grismer J. L. & McGuire J. A., 2006. A new species of pitviper of the genus Popeia (Squamata: Viperidae) from Pulau Tioman, Pahang, West Malaysia. Zootaxa. 1305: 1-19.
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Gernot Vogel, Patrick David and Irvan Sidik. 2022. A Review of the Complex of Trimeresurus hageni (Lidth de Jeude, 1886) (Squamata: Viperidae) with Descriptions of Three New Insular Species from Indonesia. TAPROBANICA. 11(2); 54–83. DOI: 10.47605/tapro.v11i2.283
  6. ^ 6.0 6.1 Malhotra, A., R. S. Thorpe, Mrinalini and B. L. Stuart. 2011. Two new species of pitviper of the genus Cryptelytrops Cope 1860 (Squamata: Viperidae: Crotalinae) from Southeast Asia. Zootaxa. 2757: 1–23. http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2011/f/zt02757p023.pdf （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）
  7. ^ Sabira S. Idiiatullina, Parinya Pawangkhanant, Tanapong Tawan, Thanawut Worranuch, Bunyarit Dechochai, Chatmongkon Suwannapoom, Tan Van Nguyen, Lawan Chanhome and Nikolay A. Poyarkov. 2023. Limestone Jewel: A New colourful Karst-dwelling Pitviper (Serpentes: Viperidae: Trimeresurus) from the poorly explored borderlands of southern peninsular Thailand. Vertebrate Zoology. 73: 697-716. DOI: 10.3897/vz.73.e109854
  8. ^ Zening CHEN, Shengchao SHI, Jun GAO, Gernot VOGEL, Zhaobin SONG, Li DING and Rong DAI. 2021. A New Species of Trimeresurus Lacépède, 1804 (Squamata: Viperidae) from Southwestern China, Vietnam, Thailand and Myanmar. Asian Herpetological Research. 11(4); 1-11. DOI: 10.16373/j.cnki.ahr.200084
  9. ^ Sabira S. Idiiatullina; Parinya Pawangkhanant, Chatmongkon Suwannapoom, Tanapong Tawan, Lawan Chanhome, Tan Van Nguyen, Patrick David, Gernot Vogel and Nikolay A. Poyarkov. 2024. Another New Species of Karst-associated Pitviper (Serpentes, Viperidae: Trimeresurus) from the Isthmus of Kra, Peninsular Thailand. European Journal of Taxonomy. 930(1), 20–52. DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.930.2489
  10. ^ Sabira S. Idiiatullina, Tan Van Nguyen, Parinya Pawangkhanant, Chatmongkon Suwannapoom, Lawan Chanhome, Zeeshan A. Mirza, Patrick David, Gernot Vogel and Nikolay A. Poyarkov. 2024. An Integrative Taxonomic Revision of the Trimeresurus popeiorum group of Pitvipers (Reptilia: Serpentes: Viperidae) with Descriptions of Two New Species from the Indo-Burma Biodiversity Hotspot. Vertebrate Zoology. 74: 303-342. DOI: 10.3897/vz.74.e113347
  11. ^ Yashpal Singh Rathee, Jayaditya Purkayastha, Hmar Tlawmte Lalremsanga, Siddharth Dalal, Lal Biakzuala, Lal Muansanga and Zeeshan A. Mirza. 2022. A New Cryptic Species of Green Pit Viper of the Genus Trimeresurus Lacépède, 1804 (Serpentes, Viperidae) from northeast India. PLoS ONE. 17(5): e0268402. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268402
  12. ^ Laura Rodrigues Vieira de Alencar, Marcio Martins, Gustavo Burin and Tiago Bosisio Quental. 2017. Arboreality Constrains Morphological Evolution but Not Species Diversification in Vipers. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 284(1869) DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2017.1775
  13. ^ Gernot Vogel, Patrick David and Irvan Sidik. 2014. On Trimeresurus sumatranus (Raffles, 1822), with the Designation of A Neotype and the Description of A New Species of Pitviper from Sumatra (Squamata: Viperidae: Crotalinae). Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 8(2) [General Issue]: 1–29 (e80).
  14. ^ Gernot Vogel, Tan Van Nguyen, Patrick David. 2023. A New Green Pitviper of the Trimeresurus albolabris complex (Reptilia, Serpentes, Viperidae) from central and southern Myanmar. Zootaxa. 5357(4); 515-554. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.4.3
  15. ^ 郭鵬. 广义竹叶青蛇属的分类及系统发育研究(蛇亚目:蝮亚科)[D]. 四川大學. 2005 [2021-10-24]. doi:10.7666/d.y775610. （原始內容存檔於2021-10-26）. 
  16. ^ Malhotra A, Thorpe RS. A phylogeny of four mitochondrial gene regions suggests a revised taxonomy for Asian pitvipers (Trimeresurus and Ovophis). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 2004, 32: 83–100. 
  17. ^ P David，G Vogel，A Dubois. On the need to follow rigorously the Rules of the Code for the subsequent designation of a nucleospecies (type species) for a nominal genus which lacked one: the case of the nominal genus Trimeresurus Lacepede, 1804 (Reptilia: Squamata: Viperidae). Zootaxa. 2011, 2992: 1–51 [2021-10-24]. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.2992.1.1. （原始內容存檔於2021-10-24）. 
取自「https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=竹叶青蛇属&oldid=82572017」