艾瑞達尼亞湖

埃里達尼亞湖（Eridania Lake）是一座理論上曾存在過的火星古湖泊，面積約110萬平方公里。它位於馬丁谷溢出河道的源頭，並延伸至埃里達尼亞區和法厄同區^[1]。隨着厄里達尼亞湖在諾亞紀晚期的逐漸乾涸，它分裂成一系列較小的湖泊^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]。

顯示了埃里達尼亞湖不同區域估測水深的地圖，該地圖大約有850公里（530英里）寬。
標註出的埃里達尼亞湖周圍的特徵。

後來的火星專用小型偵察影像頻譜儀(CRISM)發現了厚度超過400米的厚厚沉積物層，所包含的礦物質有皂石（saponite）、滑石皂石（talc-saponite）、富鐵雲母（如海綠石-綠脫石）、鐵和鎂質蛇紋石、碳酸鎂-鐵-鈣及硫化鐵。硫化鐵可能形成於被火山噴發加熱的深水中，這種被歸類為熱液的過程可能是生命開始的地方^[6]。

來自埃里達尼亞湖底深水盆地的沉積物。地表上存在的桌山因受到深水/冰蓋的保護而免受強烈侵蝕。火星專用小型偵察影像頻譜儀的測量表明，礦物可能來自湖底熱液礦床，生命有可能起源於這片湖泊。
圖中顯示了火山活動如何導致埃里達尼亞湖底礦物的堆積，氯化物通過蒸發沿湖岸線沉積。

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參考文獻

^ Rossman, P. Irwin III; Ted A. Maxwell; Alan D. Howard; Robert A. Craddock; David W. Leverington. A Large Paleolake Basin at the Head of Ma'adim Vallis, Mars. Science. 21 June 2002, 296 (5576): 2209–2212. Bibcode:2002Sci...296.2209I. PMID 12077414. S2CID 23390665. doi:10.1126/science.1071143.
^ de Pablo, M. A.; Fairén, A. G.; Márquez, A. The Geology of Atlantis Basin, Mars, and Its Astrobiological Interest (PDF). 35th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, 15–19 March 2004, League City, Texas. 3 March 2004: 1223 [2013-04-23]. Bibcode:2004LPI....35.1223D. abstract no.1223. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2012-02-17）.
^ Cabrol, N. and E. Grin (eds.). 2010. Lakes on Mars. Elsevier. NY.
^ Rossman, R.; et al. A large paleolake basin at the head of Ma'adim Vallis, Mars. Science. 2002, 296 (5576): 2209–2212. Bibcode:2002Sci...296.2209R. PMID 12077414. S2CID 23390665. doi:10.1126/science.1071143.
^ HiRISE | Chaos in Eridania Basin (ESP_037142_1430). [2021-09-26]. （原始內容存檔於2017-09-16）.
^ Joseph R. Michalski, Eldar Z. Noe Dobrea, Paul B. Niles & Javier Cuadros. Ancient hydrothermal seafloor deposits in Eridania basin on Mars. Nature Communications. 10 July 2017, 8: 15978. Bibcode:2017NatCo...815978M. PMC 5508135  . PMID 28691699. doi:10.1038/ncomms15978.

外部連結

Lakes on Mars - Nathalie Cabrol (SETI Talks) （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）

[1] Rossman, P. Irwin III; Ted A. Maxwell; Alan D. Howard; Robert A. Craddock; David W. Leverington. A Large Paleolake Basin at the Head of Ma'adim Vallis, Mars. Science. 21 June 2002, 296 (5576): 2209–2212. Bibcode:2002Sci...296.2209I. PMID 12077414. S2CID 23390665. doi:10.1126/science.1071143.

[2] Pablo, M. A.; Fairén, A. G.; Márquez, A. The Geology of Atlantis Basin, Mars, and Its Astrobiological Interest (PDF). 35th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, 15–19 March 2004, League City, Texas. 3 March 2004: 1223 [2013-04-23]. Bibcode:2004LPI....35.1223D. abstract no.1223. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2012-02-17）.

[3] Cabrol, N. and E. Grin (eds.). 2010. Lakes on Mars. Elsevier. NY.

[4] Rossman, R.; et al. A large paleolake basin at the head of Ma'adim Vallis, Mars. Science. 2002, 296 (5576): 2209–2212. Bibcode:2002Sci...296.2209R. PMID 12077414. S2CID 23390665. doi:10.1126/science.1071143.

[5] HiRISE | Chaos in Eridania Basin (ESP_037142_1430). [2021-09-26]. （原始內容存檔於2017-09-16）.

[6] Joseph R. Michalski, Eldar Z. Noe Dobrea, Paul B. Niles & Javier Cuadros. Ancient hydrothermal seafloor deposits in Eridania basin on Mars. Nature Communications. 10 July 2017, 8: 15978. Bibcode:2017NatCo...815978M. PMC 5508135  . PMID 28691699. doi:10.1038/ncomms15978.

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