赫氏圓石藻
赫氏圓石藻（學名：Emiliania huxleyi），經常被縮寫為「EHUX」，是一種遍布全球水域的鈣板金藻。它被用來研究夏季的溫躍層後營養耗盡的水中形成的大範圍水華。就像其他的鈣板金藻一樣，'赫氏圓石藻是一種包覆着獨特碳酸鈣盤狀外殼的單細胞海洋浮游植物。雖然完整的鈣板金藻個體很少見，但它們大量存在於海底沉積物中。至於「赫氏圓石藻」，不只是外殼，也是可能是被記錄在沉積物里的柔軟有機體。它能合成出一組具有很強的防腐能力的化學物質，這些化學物質，比如顆石藻標誌物，可以在海底沉積物中那些早已腐爛的有機體中找到。顆石藻標誌物成為地球科學中用來研究海洋表面溫度的線索。
赫氏圓石藻
| |
|---|---|
.png)
| |
| 海洋球石藻單細胞的掃描電子顯微照片 | |
科學分類 
| |
| 界： | 色藻界 Chromista |
| 門： | 定鞭藻門 Haptophyta |
| 綱： | 普林藻綱 Prymnesiophyceae |
| 目： | 等鞭金藻目 Isochrysidales |
| 科： | 諾爾柄球藻科 Noelaerhabdaceae |
| 屬： | Emiliania屬 Emiliania |
| 種： | 赫氏圓石藻 E. huxleyi
|
| 二名法 | |
| Emiliania huxleyi (Lohm.) Hay 與 Mohler
| |
在被托馬斯·亨利·赫胥黎和Cesare Emiliani命名後，赫氏圓石藻成為分布最廣泛的鈣板金藻，這種藻為無色透明，但它們的方解石外殼能在水柱中非常有效地折射光。從衛星照片可以看出該水華可以覆蓋大面積海域(可能大於100,000平方公里)。據測定，赫氏圓石藻是迄今為止在這些條件下的優勢浮游植物。
參考文獻
編輯- Amouroux, D.; P. S. Liss, E. Tessier, M. Hamren-Larsson, O. F. X. Donard. Role of oceans as biogenic sources of selenium. Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 2001, 189 (3-4): 277–283. Bibcode:2001E&PSL.189..277A. doi:10.1016/S0012-821X(01)00370-3.
- Andreae, Meinrat O.; Paul J. Crutzen. Atmospheric aerosols: biogeochemical sources and role in atmospheric chemistry. Science. 1997-05-16, 276 (5315): 1052–1058 [2008-03-21]. doi:10.1126/science.276.5315.1052. （原始內容存檔於2009-11-19）.
- Araie, H.; T. Obata, Y. Shiraiwa. Metabolism of selenium in a coccolithophorid, Emiliania Huxleyi. J Plant Res. 2003, 116: 119.
- Boisson, F.; CS Karez, M. Henry, M. Romeo, M. Gnassia-Barelli. Ultrastructural observations on the marine coccolithophorid Cricosphaera elongata cultured in the presence of selenium or cadmium. Bulletin de l'Institut océanographique(Monaco). 1996: 239–247.
- Dacey, John W. H.; Stuart Wakeham. Oceanic dimethylsulfide: production during zooplankton grazing on phytoplankton. Science. 1986-09-19, 233 (4770): 1314–1316 [2008-03-21]. PMID 17843360. doi:10.1126/science.233.4770.1314. （原始內容存檔於2020-05-28）.
- Dambara, A.; Y. Shiraiwa. Requirement of selenium for the growth and selection of adequate culture media in a marine coccolithophorid, Emiliania huxleyi.. Bulletin of the Society of Sea Water Science, Japan. 1999, 53 (6): 476–484.
- Danbara, A.; Y. Shiraiwa. The requirement of selenium for the growth of marine coccolithophorids, Emiliania huxleyi, Gephyrocapsa oceanica and Helladosphaera sp. (Prymnesiophyceae). Plant and Cell Physiology. 2007, 40 (7): 762–766.
- DeBose, Jennifer L.; Sean C. Lema, Gabrielle A. Nevitt. Dimethylsulfoniopropionate as a foraging cue for reef fishes. Science. 2008-03-07, 319 (5868): 1356 [2008-03-21]. PMID 18323445. doi:10.1126/science.1151109. （原始內容存檔於2008-12-02）.
- Doblin, M. A.; S. I. Blackburn, G. M. Hallegraeff. Growth and biomass stimulation of the toxic dinoflagellate Gymnodinium catenatum (Graham) by dissolved organic substances. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology. 1999, 236 (1): 33–47. doi:10.1016/S0022-0981(98)00193-2.
- Fabry, V. J. Calcium carbonate production by coccolithophorid algae in long-term carbon dioxide sequestration. California State University San Marcos (US). 2003.
- Howard, Erinn C.; James R. Henriksen, Alison Buchan, Chris R. Reisch, Helmut Burgmann, Rory Welsh, Wenying Ye, Jose M. Gonzalez, Kimberly Mace, Samantha B. Joye, Ronald P. Kiene, William B. Whitman, Mary Ann Moran. Bacterial taxa that limit sulfur flux from the ocean. Science. 2006-10-27, 314 (5799): 649–652 [2008-03-21]. PMID 17068264. doi:10.1126/science.1130657. （原始內容存檔於2010-06-09）.
- Norici, A.; R. Hell, M. Giordano. Sulfur and primary production in aquatic environments: an ecological perspective. Photosynthesis Research. 2005, 86 (3): 409–417. PMID 16307310. doi:10.1007/s11120-005-3250-0.
- Obata, T.; Y. Shiraiwa. A novel eukaryotic selenoprotein in the haptophyte alga Emiliania huxleyi. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 2005, 280 (18): 18462–8. PMID 15743763. doi:10.1074/jbc.M501517200.
- Obata, T.; H. Araie, Y. Shiraiwa. Kinetic studies on bioconcentration mechanism of selenium by a coccolithophorid, Emiliania huxleyi. Plant Cell Physiology. 2003, 44: S43.
- Obata, T.; H. Araie, Y. Shiraiwa. Bioconcentration mechanism of selenium by a coccolithophorid, Emiliania huxleyi. Plant Cell Physiology. 2004, 45 (10): 1434–1441 [2008-03-21]. PMID 15564527. doi:10.1093/pcp/pch164. （原始內容存檔於2007-04-27）.
- Shiraiwa, Y. Physiological regulation of carbon fixation in the photosynthesis and calcification of coccolithophorids. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part B. 2003, 136 (4): 775–783. doi:10.1016/S1096-4959(03)00221-5.
- Sorrosa, J. M.; M. Satoh, Y. Shiraiwa. Low temperature stimulates cell enlargement and intracellular calcification of coccolithophorids. Marine Biotechnology. 2005, 7 (2): 128–133. PMID 15782289. doi:10.1007/s10126-004-0478-1.
- Todd, Jonathan D.; Rachel Rogers, You Guo Li, Margaret Wexler, Philip L. Bond, Lei Sun, Andrew R. J. Curson, Gill Malin, Michael Steinke, Andrew W. B. Johnston. Structural and regulatory genes required to make the gas dimethyl sulfide in bacteria. Science. 2007-02-02, 315 (5812): 666–669 [2008-03-21]. PMID 17272727. doi:10.1126/science.1135370. （原始內容存檔於2008-07-25）.
- Vallina, Sergio M.; Rafel Simo. Strong relationship between DMS and the solar radiation dose over the global surface ocean. Science. 2007-01-26, 315 (5811): 506–508 [2008-03-21]. PMID 17255509. doi:10.1126/science.1133680. （原始內容存檔於2009-12-12）.
- Vila-Costa, Maria; Rafel Simo, Hyakubun Harada, Josep M. Gasol, Doris Slezak, Ronald P. Kiene. Dimethylsulfoniopropionate uptake by marine phytoplankton. Science. 2006-10-27, 314 (5799): 652–654 [2008-03-21]. PMID 17068265. doi:10.1126/science.1131043. （原始內容存檔於2009-12-11）.
- Volkman, J. K.; S. M. Barrerr, S. I. Blackburn, E. L. Sikes. Alkenones in gephyrocapsa oceanica: implications for studies of paleoclimate. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 1995, 59 (3): 513–520. doi:10.1016/0016-7037(95)00325-T.