阿扎尼亞
阿扎尼亞(古希臘語:Ἀζανία)是一個應用於東南熱帶非洲地區的名稱[1]。在羅馬時期或更早之前,這個地名是指從肯尼亞[2]延伸到坦桑尼亞以南的東南非海岸的一部分。該地區居住著南部庫什派人口,直到班圖人擴張[3]。
老普林尼提到了一個「阿扎尼亞海」,它始於阿杜利斯古城周圍,並圍繞非洲南部海岸延伸。後來提到阿扎尼亞的西方作家包括克勞狄烏斯·托勒密和科斯馬斯·印第科普爾斯茨。
公元1世紀,希臘的《愛利脫利亞海周航記》首先根據作者對該地區的深入了解而描述了阿扎尼亞。航行記的第15章表明,阿扎尼亞可能是現今索馬里南部的沿海地區[4]。而第16章則清楚地描述了位於阿扎尼亞七次航行結束時位於普拉利安群島南部的拉普他古城是「阿扎尼亞最南端的古城」。隨後,到公元10世紀,這些原始的「阿扎尼亞人」已被早期的班圖族定居者所取代[5]。
參考文獻
編輯- ^ Collins & Pisarevsky. Amalgamating eastern Gondwana: The evolution of the Circum-Indian Orogens. Earth-Science Reviews. 2004.
- ^ Richard Pankhurst, An Introduction to the Economic History of Ethiopia, (Lalibela House: 1961), p.21
- ^ 存档副本. [2018-12-24]. (原始內容存檔於2019-11-11).
- ^ George Wynn Brereton Huntingford, The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, (Hakluyt Society: 1980), p.29
- ^ Fage, John. A History of Africa. Routledge. : 25–26 [20 January 2015]. ISBN 1317797272. (原始內容存檔於2015-02-02).
- ^ Weilue: The Peoples of the West. Draft translation by John Hill. Depts.washington.edu. 2004-05-23 [2016-12-27]. (原始內容存檔於2017-12-23).
延伸閱讀
編輯- Casson, Lionel (1989). The Periplus Maris Erythraei. Lionel Casson. (Translation by H. Frisk, 1927, with updates and improvements and detailed notes). Princeton, Princeton University Press.
- Chami, F. A. (1999). "The Early Iron Age on Mafia island and its relationship with the mainland." Azania Vol. XXXIV 1999, pp. 1–10.
- Chami, Felix A. 2002. "The Egypto-Graeco-Romans and Paanchea/Azania: sailing in the Erythraean Sea." From: Red Sea Trade and Travel. The British Museum. Sunday 6 October 2002. Organised by The Society for Arabian Studies.[www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/ane/fullpapers.doc][失效連結]
- Collins, Alan S.; Pisarevsky, Sergei A. Amalgamating eastern Gondwana: The evolution of the Circum-Indian Orogens. Earth-Science Reviews. 2005, 71: 229–270. doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2005.02.004.
- Huntingford, G.W.B. (trans. & ed.). Periplus of the Erythraean Sea. Hakluyt Society. London, 1980.
- Yu Huan, The Weilue in The Peoples of the West, translation by John E. Hill [1]
外部連結
編輯- Electronic Antiquity Journal: Communicating the Classics, Vol 1 no 5 (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館), research by John Hilton at the University of Natal, Durban.
- Azania, Journal of the British Institute in Eastern Africa[永久失效連結]
- ^ Weilue: The Peoples of the West. Depts.washington.edu. 2004-05-23 [2016-12-27]. (原始內容存檔於2017-12-23).