雲斑厚紋蟹

雲斑厚紋蟹
科學分類
界：	動物界 Animalia
門：	節肢動物門 Arthropoda
亞門：	甲殼亞門 Crustacea
綱：	軟甲綱 Malacostraca
目：	十足目 Decapoda
亞目：	抱卵亞目 Pleocyemata
下目：	短尾下目 Brachyura
科：	方蟹科 Grapsidae
屬：	厚紋蟹屬 Pachygrapsus
種：	雲斑厚紋蟹 P. marmoratus
二名法
	Pachygrapsus marmoratus; (Fabricius, 1787)
異名
	Cancer marmoratus; Cancer femoralis; Grapsus varius; Grapsus savignyi;

雲斑厚紋蟹（學名：Pachygrapsus marmoratus）是厚紋蟹屬的一種螃蟹，分佈於黑海、地中海和大西洋的部分地區。

特徵

雲斑厚紋蟹的甲殼呈方形，長2.2-3.6厘米，呈深紫褐色，有黃色的大理石紋。^[2]它們的甲殼上每邊有三個鋸齒，這與地中海的其他厚紋蟹屬生物有所不同。^[2]^[3]它們能夠移動得很快，飛快的走入石縫之間，很難捕捉。^[2]

分佈

雲斑厚紋蟹廣泛分佈在南歐^[4]的黑海至摩洛哥海岸，並沿葡萄牙、西班牙及法國的大西洋海岸^[5]，與及在北至英國南安普敦的英吉利海峽出沒。^[5]它們的分佈地擴展可能與全球暖化有關。^[6]

生態

雲斑厚紋蟹是雜食性的，主要吃其棲息地內豐富的藻類及動物。它們最喜歡吃蚌、帽貝及同種相食。^[4]它們只會使用一種方式攻擊帽貝，但往往不成功。^[7]在有蔭的海邊，它們會較少吃蚌，取而代之是吃藤壺。^[8]

雲斑厚紋蟹的天敵包括麝香章魚。^[9]

雲斑厚紋蟹的幼體是浮游動物，只可以生存31天。這樣使得它們群落間有高度的基因流，及廣泛散佈到新的地區。^[10]

參考

^ Peter K. L. Ng, Danièle Guinot & Peter J. F. Davie. Systema Brachyurorum: Part I. An annotated checklist of extant Brachyuran crabs of the world (PDF). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology. 2008, 17: 1–286 [2010-02-25]. （原始內容 (PDF)存檔於2011-06-06）.
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Rose Edwards. Pachygrapsus marmoratus: a marbled rock crab. Marine Life Information Network: Biology and Sensitivity Key Information Sub-programme. Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. 2005 [2010-01-11]. （原始內容存檔於2015-07-23）.
^ A. M. Vaccaro & C. Pipitone. First record of Pachygrapsus transversus (Gibbes, 1850) (Brachyura, Grapsidae) in Italian waters (PDF). Crustaceana. 2005, 78 (6): 677–83 [2010-02-25]. （原始內容 (PDF)存檔於2016-03-03）.
^ ^4.0 ^4.1 S. Cannicci, M. Gomei, B. Boddi & M. Vannini. Feeding habits and natural diet of the intertidal crab Pachygrapsus marmoratus: Opportunistic browser or selective feeder?. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science. 2002, 54 (6): 983–1001. doi:10.1006/ecss.2001.0869.
^ ^5.0 ^5.1 Ray W. Ingle & Paul F. Clark. First reported occurrences of the marbled crab, Pachygrapsus marmoratus (Crustacea: Brachyura: Grapsoidea) in southern coastal waters of the British Isles (PDF). JMBA2 Biodiversity Records. 2006. （原始內容 (PDF)存檔於2011-07-21）.
^ Jean-Claude Dauvin. New record of the marbled crab Pachygrapsus marmoratus (Crustacea: Brachyura: Grapsoidea) on the coast of northern Cotentin, Normandy, western English Channel. Marine Biodiversity Records. 2009, 2: e92. doi:10.1017/S1755267209001109.
^ Ana Silva, Diana Boaventura, Augusto Flores, Pedro Ré & Stephen J. Hawkins. Rare predation by the intertidal crab Pachygrapsus marmoratus on the limpet Patella depressa. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. 2004, 84 (2): 367–70. doi:10.1017/S0025315404009294h.
^ Ana Catarina Ferreira Silva, Sónia Brazão, Steve J. Hawkins, Richard C. Thompson & Diana M. Boaventura. Abundance, population structure and claw morphology of the semi-terrestrial crab Pachygrapsus marmoratus (Fabricius, 1787) on shores of differing wave exposure. Marine Biology. 2009, 156 (12): 2591–9. doi:10.1007/s00227-009-1283-1.
^ Halil Şen. Food preference of Eledone moschata Lamarck, 1799 (Cephalopoda: Octopodidae) in captive conditions (PDF). International Journal of Natural and Engineering Sciences. 2007, 1 (2): 29–31. ^{[失效連結]}
^ Inês C. Silva, Natacha Mesquita, Christoph D. Schubart, Maria Judite Alves & José Paula. Genetic patchiness of the shore crab Pachygrapsus marmoratus along the Portuguese coast. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology. 2009, 378 (1–2): 50–57. doi:10.1016/j.jembe.2009.07.032.

[Ng-1] Peter K. L. Ng, Danièle Guinot & Peter J. F. Davie. Systema Brachyurorum: Part I. An annotated checklist of extant Brachyuran crabs of the world (PDF). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology. 2008, 17: 1–286 [2010-02-25]. （原始內容 (PDF)存檔於2011-06-06）.

[Marlin-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Rose Edwards. Pachygrapsus marmoratus: a marbled rock crab. Marine Life Information Network: Biology and Sensitivity Key Information Sub-programme. Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. 2005 [2010-01-11]. （原始內容存檔於2015-07-23）.

[3] A. M. Vaccaro & C. Pipitone. First record of Pachygrapsus transversus (Gibbes, 1850) (Brachyura, Grapsidae) in Italian waters (PDF). Crustaceana. 2005, 78 (6): 677–83 [2010-02-25]. （原始內容 (PDF)存檔於2016-03-03）.

[Cannicci-4] 4.0 ^4.1 S. Cannicci, M. Gomei, B. Boddi & M. Vannini. Feeding habits and natural diet of the intertidal crab Pachygrapsus marmoratus: Opportunistic browser or selective feeder?. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science. 2002, 54 (6): 983–1001. doi:10.1006/ecss.2001.0869.

[JMBA2-5] 5.0 ^5.1 Ray W. Ingle & Paul F. Clark. First reported occurrences of the marbled crab, Pachygrapsus marmoratus (Crustacea: Brachyura: Grapsoidea) in southern coastal waters of the British Isles (PDF). JMBA2 Biodiversity Records. 2006. （原始內容 (PDF)存檔於2011-07-21）.

[6] Jean-Claude Dauvin. New record of the marbled crab Pachygrapsus marmoratus (Crustacea: Brachyura: Grapsoidea) on the coast of northern Cotentin, Normandy, western English Channel. Marine Biodiversity Records. 2009, 2: e92. doi:10.1017/S1755267209001109.

[7] Ana Silva, Diana Boaventura, Augusto Flores, Pedro Ré & Stephen J. Hawkins. Rare predation by the intertidal crab Pachygrapsus marmoratus on the limpet Patella depressa. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. 2004, 84 (2): 367–70. doi:10.1017/S0025315404009294h.

[8] Ana Catarina Ferreira Silva, Sónia Brazão, Steve J. Hawkins, Richard C. Thompson & Diana M. Boaventura. Abundance, population structure and claw morphology of the semi-terrestrial crab Pachygrapsus marmoratus (Fabricius, 1787) on shores of differing wave exposure. Marine Biology. 2009, 156 (12): 2591–9. doi:10.1007/s00227-009-1283-1.

[9] Halil Şen. Food preference of Eledone moschata Lamarck, 1799 (Cephalopoda: Octopodidae) in captive conditions (PDF). International Journal of Natural and Engineering Sciences. 2007, 1 (2): 29–31. ^{[失效連結]}

[10] Inês C. Silva, Natacha Mesquita, Christoph D. Schubart, Maria Judite Alves & José Paula. Genetic patchiness of the shore crab Pachygrapsus marmoratus along the Portuguese coast. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology. 2009, 378 (1–2): 50–57. doi:10.1016/j.jembe.2009.07.032.

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