梭子蟹總科
梭子蟹總科(學名Portunoidea),是短尾次目(螃蟹)的其中一個總科級的分類階元,其下包括梭子蟹科及其他科[1][2],皆為海洋生物[3]。其他文獻尚有其他科保留在本總科,但在分子系統發生學分析之後,有可能對現時這些在分類上的爭議有變更[1]。
梭子蟹總科![]() | |
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遠海梭子蟹 Portunus pelagicus ♂ | |
科學分類 ![]() | |
界: | 動物界 Animalia |
門: | 節肢動物門 Arthropoda |
亞門: | 甲殼亞門 Crustacea |
綱: | 軟甲綱 Malacostraca |
目: | 十足目 Decapoda |
亞目: | 抱卵亞目 Pleocyemata |
下目: | 短尾下目 Brachyura |
派: | 真短尾派 Eubrachyura |
亞派: | 異孔亞派 Heterotremata |
總科: | 梭子蟹總科 Portunoidea Rafinesque, 1815 |
科[1] | |
七個有現生種的科及四個只有化石種的科:詳見內文 |
描述
編輯本總科的成員具有扁平及光滑的頭胸甲,而且殼的橫向比縱向寬,呈六邊形、近似 六邊形、矩形,又或鵝卵形。 It is usually widest between the hindmost spines of the forward rim; there may be up to 9 pairs of these spines, with a few smaller ones right above the head, but they are missing altogether in some 物種.[4]
In some, the first 附肢's 腿 (節肢動物) is lobed, forming the characteristic portunid lobe. The chelipeds are usually robust, and in some the last pereiopod pair has ovate dactyls. The sutures of the sternum between segments 4 to 8 are usually incomplete, and in the Portunidae, the eighth sternite is usually visible if seen from below and has a penial groove.[4]
雄蟹的腹體節若不是全自由活動的話,就是其第三節到第五節已融合在一起,但often retaining the sutures though. The first gonopod is strongly curved, with a swollen and strongly hooked base.[4]
分類
編輯梭子蟹總科與扇蟹總科[4],過往被劃歸扇蟹總科的六足蟹科及Mathildellidae,在某些分類會劃歸梭子蟹總科;而在深海生活的怪蟹科一般都會劃歸梭子蟹總科,但亦有分類把它放在扇蟹總科之下。所有梭子蟹總科的物種均在海洋生活,除了現時已獨立成單獨總科的毛子蟹科(Trichodactylidae)有部份是在淡水生活。
現時分類
編輯According to the latest synopsis, there are eleven families in the superfamily Portunoidea, four of which are extinct:[1]
- Carcinidae
- Carcineretidae (extinct)
- Catoptridae
- 怪蟹科 Geryonidae
- Lithophylacidae (extinct)
- Longusorbiidae (extinct)
- Macropipidae
- Pirimelidae
- 梭子蟹科 Portunidae
- Psammocarcinidae (extinct)
- 指甲蟹科 Thiidae Dana, 1852:原屬黃道蟹總科[2]
參考文獻
編輯- ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Sammy De Grave; N. Dean Pentcheff; Shane T. Ahyong; et al. A classification of living and fossil genera of decapod crustaceans (PDF). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology. 2009,. Suppl. 21: 1–109 [2012-12-18]. (原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2011-06-06) (英語).
- ^ 2.0 2.1 Joel W. Martin & George E. Davis. An Updated Classification of the Recent Crustacea (PDF). Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County. 2001: 132 pp [2007-09-29]. (原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2006-05-25) (英語).
- ^ Portunoidea Rafinesque, 1815. WoRMS. 2005-05-02 [2019-08-22].
- ^ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Hiroaki Karasawa & Carrie E. Schweitzer. A new classification of the Xanthoidea sensu lato (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) based on phylogenetic analysis and traditional systematics and evaluation of all fossil Xanthoidea sensu lato. Contributions to Zoology. 2006, 75 (1/2): 23–73 [2012-12-28]. (原始內容存檔於2016-03-03).