海馬克體育場
海馬克體育場是一座位於紐約州奧查德帕克的體育場。體育場啟用於1973年，它為國家美式足球聯盟水牛城比爾的主場。
| 海馬克體育場 | |
|---|---|
"The Ralph" | |
_-_Orchard_Park,_NY.jpg) Highmark Stadium in 2014 (then known as the Ralph Wilson Stadium) | |
 | |
| 全名 | 海馬克藍十字藍盾體育場 |
| 曾用名 | Rich體育場 (1973–1997) 拉爾夫·威爾遜體育場 (1998–2015) 新時代球場 (2016–2019) 比爾體育場 (2020–2021) |
| 地址 | 1 Bills Drive |
| 位置 | 紐約州奧查德帕克 |
| 坐標 | 42°46′26″N 78°47′13″W / 42.774°N 78.787°W |
| 所有者 | 伊利郡 |
| 營運者 | 佩古拉體育和娛樂 |
| 座位數 | 71,608 (目前)[3] |
| 表面 | A-Turf Titan 50 (2011–至今) AstroPlay (2003–2010) AstroTurf (1973–2002) |
| 建造 | |
| 動工 | 1972年4月4日 |
| 啟用 | 1973年8月17日 |
| 翻修 | 1998、2013 |
| 建築費用 | US$22 million (1973) ($1.51億 in 2023 dollars)[1] |
| 建築師 | HNTB 博普樂思 (2013年裝修) |
| 建築工程師 | David M. Berg & Associates Inc.[2] |
| 總承包商 | Frank Schoenle Construction |
| 客戶 | |
| 水牛城比爾 (NFL) (1973–至今) | |
歷史
編輯座位容量
編輯| 年 | 可容納人數 |
|---|---|
| 1972–1983 | 80,020[4] |
| 1984–1994 | 80,290[5] |
| 1995–1998 | 80,024[6] |
| 1999–2000 | 75,339[7] |
| 2001–2007 | 73,967[8] |
| 2008–2013 | 73,079[9] |
| 2014 | 71,857[10] |
| 2015 | 71,870[11] |
| 2016–present | 71,608[3] |
參考資料
編輯- ^ 1634–1699: McCusker, J. J. How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States: Addenda et Corrigenda (PDF). American Antiquarian Society. 1997. 1700–1799: McCusker, J. J. How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States (PDF). American Antiquarian Society. 1992. 1800–present: Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800–. [2024-02-29].
- ^ Dave M. Berg Spring 2006 Newsletter (PDF). [2022-01-23]. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2016-03-03）.
- ^ 3.0 3.1 Baker, Kelly. A Look Through History of the Home of the Buffalo Bills. Buffalo Bills. August 18, 2016 [August 21, 2016]. （原始內容存檔於August 21, 2016）.
- ^ Leypoldt Boosts Bills to Victory. The Victoria Advocate. October 1, 1973 [September 26, 2011]. （原始內容存檔於2022-01-23）.
- ^ Powers, John. Ease on Down the Road: NFL Clubs Are Packing It In for New Cities and Sweetheart Deals. The Boston Globe. December 16, 1984 [September 26, 2011]. （原始內容存檔於2012-12-09）.
- ^ League Extends TV Blackout Deadline for Bills Game. The Buffalo News. December 25, 1995 [September 26, 2011]. （原始內容存檔於2022-01-23）.
- ^ Bouchette, Ed. Bettis Practices Despite Swelling. Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. September 1, 1999 [September 26, 2011]. （原始內容存檔於2022-01-23）.
- ^ Rain Chases Saints Indoors in Final Heavy Practice for Bills. The Baton Rouge Advocate. September 7, 2001 [September 26, 2011]. （原始內容存檔於2022-01-23）.
- ^ Gaughan, Mark. Deferring on Opening Kick Is a Growing Trend. The Buffalo News. September 26, 2008 [September 26, 2011]. （原始內容存檔於2022-01-23）.
- ^ 2014 Buffalo Bills Media Guide (PDF). Buffalo Bills. [August 24, 2014]. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2020-09-19）.
- ^ 2015 Buffalo Bills Media Guide (PDF). Buffalo Bills. August 28, 2015 [August 18, 2016]. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2020-09-19）.
延伸閱讀
編輯- R. Minetor, Cursed in New York: Stories of the Damned in the Empire State, Globe Pequot Press, 2015. Includes a section about the stadium's potential "curse"
