環[18]碳
碳的同素異形體,化學式為C₁₈
環[18]碳或環十八-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-九炔是碳的同素異形體之一,化學式為C
18,幾乎不溶於水。[1]它是一種環碳和多炔,由十八個碳原子以單叄鍵交替構成環。環[18]碳是預測能夠熱力學穩定最小的環[n]碳,理論應變能為72 kcal/mol。[2][3]
環[18]碳 | |
---|---|
識別 | |
CAS號 | 126487-09-0 |
PubChem | 14940714 |
ChemSpider | 74015635 |
SMILES |
|
性質 | |
化學式 | C18 |
摩爾質量 | 216.19 g·mol⁻¹ |
密度 | 1.38±0.1 g·cm−3(20 °C)[1] |
若非註明,所有數據均出自標準狀態(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。 |
歷史和製備
編輯早在1991年,便有人對環[18]碳的結構進行預測,並進行過有關計算,[4]但其合成卻在2019年才被IBM和牛津大學的聯合團隊[5]通過環丁酮結構的數個位點進行電化學脫羰基反應製得:[6]
它也可由C18Br6的脫溴反應製得。[7]
性質
編輯IBM研究人員發現,環[18]碳的電子結構由交替的單叄鍵構成,而非累計雙鍵結構,它在理論上是一種半導體。[6]
在該化合物中,C—C鍵的鍵長為1.36 Å,C≡C的鍵長為1.20 Å。[5]
參考文獻
編輯- ^ 1.0 1.1 Calculated using Advanced Chemistry Development (ACD/Labs) Software V11.02 (© 1994-2019 ACD/Labs). Retrieved from SciFinder. [2019-8-21]
- ^ George A. Adamson; Charles W. Rees. Towards the total synthesis of cyclo[n]carbons and the generation of cyclo[6]carbon. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1. 1996, (13): 1535–1543. doi:10.1039/P19960001535.
- ^ François Diederich; Yves Rubin; Carolyn B. Knobler; Robert L. Whetten; Kenneth E. Schriver; Kendall N. Houk; Yi Li. All-Carbon Molecules: Evidence for the Generation of Cyclo[18]carbon from a Stable Organic Precursor. Science. 1989-09-08, 245 (4922): 1088–1090. Bibcode:1989Sci...245.1088D. PMID 17838807. doi:10.1126/science.245.4922.1088.
- ^ Parasuk, Vudhichai; Almlof, Jan; Feyereisen, Martin W. The [18] all-carbon molecule: cumulene or polyacetylene?. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 1991, 113 (3): 1049–1050. ISSN 0002-7863. doi:10.1021/ja00003a052.
- ^ 5.0 5.1 Kaiser, Katharina; Scriven, Lorel M.; Schulz, Fabian; Gawel, Przemyslaw; Gross, Leo; Anderson, Harry L. An sp-hybridized molecular carbon allotrope, cyclo[18]carbon. Science. 2019-08-15 [2019-08-21]. doi:10.1126/science.aay1914. (原始內容存檔於2019-08-21).
- ^ 6.0 6.1 Castelvecchi, Davide. Chemists make first-ever ring of pure carbon. Nature. 2019-08-15 [2019-08-16]. doi:10.1038/d41586-019-02473-z. (原始內容存檔於2019-08-16) (英語).
- ^ Lorel M. Scriven, Katharina Kaiser, Fabian Schulz, Alistair J. Sterling, Steffen L. Woltering, Przemyslaw Gawel, Kirsten E. Christensen, Harry L. Anderson, Leo Gross. Synthesis of Cyclo[18]carbon via Debromination of C 18 Br 6. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 2020-07-29, 142 (30): 12921–12924 [2020-08-22]. ISSN 0002-7863. doi:10.1021/jacs.0c05033. (原始內容存檔於2020-10-17) (英語).
拓展閱讀
編輯
- Sen, Sabyasachi; Seal, Prasenjit; Chakrabarti, Swapan. Explicit role of dynamical and nondynamical electron correlations on broken symmetry inC4N+2clusters. Physical Review B. 2006, 73 (24). ISSN 1098-0121. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.73.245401.
- Feyereisen, Martin; Gutowski, Maciej; Simons, Jack; Almlöf, Jan. Relative stabilities of fullerene, cumulene, and polyacetylene structures for Cn:n=18–60. The Journal of Chemical Physics. 1992, 96 (4): 2926–2932. ISSN 0021-9606. doi:10.1063/1.461989.
- Murphy, Veronica L.; Farfan, Camille; Kahr, Bart. Chiroptical structure-property relations in cyclo[18]carbon and its in silico hydrogenation products. Chirality. 2018, 30 (4): 325–331. ISSN 0899-0042. doi:10.1002/chir.22817.