蛙屬

蛙科的一属两栖动物

蛙屬Rana)也稱林蛙屬赤蛙屬,是蛙科的一個,分佈於歐亞大陸北美洲中美洲南美洲北部。很多其他的屬以往都包括在內。[1][2]

蛙屬
紅腿蛙
科學分類 編輯
界: 動物界 Animalia
門: 脊索動物門 Chordata
綱: 兩棲綱 Amphibia
目: 無尾目 Anura
科: 蛙科 Ranidae
屬: 蛙屬 Rana
Linnaeus, 1758
  • 參見內文
異名
  • Amerana Dubois, 1992
  • Anchylorana dubita Taylor, 1942
  • Anchylorana moorei Taylor, 1942
  • Anchylorana robustocondyla Taylor, 1942
  • Aurana Bauer, 1985
  • Aurorana Dubois, 1992
  • Crotaphitis Schulze, 1891
  • Laurasiarana Hillis & Wilcox, 2005
  • Leptodactylus abavus Holman, 1965
  • Liuhurana Fei, Ye & Jiang, 2010
  • Pseudoamolops Fei, Ye & Jiang, 2000
  • Pseudoamolops Jiang, Fei, Ye, Zeng, Zhen, Xie & Chen, 1997
  • Rana basaltica Young, 1936
  • Rana bucella Holman, 1965
  • Rana ephippium Taylor, 1942
  • Rana fayeae Taylor, 1942
  • Rana johnsoni La Rivers, 1953
  • Rana meadensis Taylor, 1942
  • Rana meriani Meyer, 1853
  • Rana miocenica Holman, 1965
  • Rana noeggerathi Meyer, 1952
  • Rana parvissima Taylor, 1942
  • Rana pueyoi Longinos Navás, 1922
  • Rana quellembergi Longinos Navás, 1922
  • Rana rexroadensis Taylor, 1942
  • Rana valida Taylor, 1942
  • Ranaria Rafinesque, 1814

一般蛙屬的體形頗大,腰部幼長及皺皮。大部份的背部隆起,但卻沒有蟾蜍的疣。牠們的腳幼長,善於跳躍。後肢上的蹼令牠們在水中可以靈活的運動。牠們背部一般呈綠色及褐色,有深色及黃色的斑點。一些蛙類(如:箭毒蛙)身上有鮮艷的色彩,用做警告敵人:『我有毒。』

蛙屬很多時都在初春繁殖,而生活在亞熱帶熱帶的物種全年都會繁殖。很多雄蛙都會叫,但有一些卻不會發聲。雌蛙會一排排或球狀式產卵,每次可以產達2萬顆。

分類

編輯

蛙屬目前有約90個物種,但其分類則仍有爭議[2][3][4]。2006年,Frost等人將本屬的部分物種劃為獨立屬別,但後來2016年Yuan等人的研究認為這樣的分類會使其他屬成為併系群,為了維持本屬的單系性,建議使用亞屬代替提升為屬級的做法[5]

目前已自立的屬有拇棘蛙屬Babina)、Clinotarsus腺蛙屬Glandirana)、Hydrophylax水蛙屬Hylarana)、臭蛙屬Odorrana)、側褶蛙屬Pelophylax[6]琴蛙屬(Nidirana)[7]PulchranaSanguiranaSylvirana。當中臭蛙屬是蛙屬的近親,有可能重置於蛙屬中。[1][2]

系統分類學

編輯

本分類樹依照Yuan等人於2016年的論文繪製[8]

蛙屬 Rana

蛙亞屬 R. (Rana)

R. (Amerana)

脛腺蛙亞屬 R. (Liuhurana)

豹蛙亞屬 R. (Pantherana)

茲維斐氏蛙屬 R. (Zweifelia)

牛蛙亞屬 R. (Lithobates)

R. (Aquarana)

R. sylvatica英語Rana sylvatica

物種

編輯

截止2022年1月14日,根據 Amphibian Species of the World 中的記錄本屬包含55種:[9]

參考

編輯
  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Cai, Hong-xia; Che, Jing, Pang, Jun-feng; Zhao, Er-mi & Zhang, Ya-ping. Paraphyly of Chinese Amolops (Anura, Ranidae) and phylogenetic position of the rare Chinese frog, Amolops tormotus (PDF). Zootaxa. 2007, 1531: 49–55 [2008-10-14]. (原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2020-07-19). 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Stuart, Bryan L. The phylogenetic problem of Huia (Amphibia: Ranidae). Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 2008, 46 (1): 49–60. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2007.09.016. 
  3. ^ Hillis, D.M. & Wilcox, T.P. Phylogeny of the New World true frogs (Rana) (PDF). Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 2005, 34 (2): 299–314 [2008-10-14]. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2004.10.007. (原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2008-05-28). 
  4. ^ Hillis, D. M. Constraints in naming parts of the Tree of Life (PDF). Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 2007, 42: 331–338 [2008-10-14]. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2006.08.001. (原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2011-09-27). 
  5. ^ Yuan, Zhi-yong; Zhou, Weiwei; Chen, Xin; Poyarkov, Nikolay; Chen, Hong-man; Jang-Liaw, Nian-Hong; Chou, Wen-Hao; Matzke, Nicholas; Iizuka, Koji. Spatiotemporal Diversification of the True Frogs (Genus Rana): A Historical Framework for a Widely Studied Group of Model Organisms. Systematic Biology. 2016-06-10, 65: syw055 [2018-12-31]. doi:10.1093/sysbio/syw055. (原始內容存檔於2019-08-23). 
  6. ^ Dubois, A. & A. Ohler, A. Frogs of the subgenus Pelophylax (Amphibia, Anura, genus Rana): a catalogue of available and valid scientific names, with comments on the name-bearing types, complete synonymies. proposed common names, and maps showing all type localities. Zoologica Poloniae. 1995, 39 (3-4): 139–204. 
  7. ^ Yuan, Zhiyong; Chen, Jinmin; Wu, Yunhe; Li, Xianqi; Che, Jing. Revision of the list of amphibian species in Yunnan Province. Biodiversity Science. 2022-04-20, 30 (4): 21470. doi:10.17520/biods.2021470. 
  8. ^ Che, Jing; Hillis, David M.; Cannatella, David C.; Zhang, Ya-Ping; Kuzmin, Sergius L.; Min, Mi-Sook; Iizuka, Koji; Matzke, Nicholas J.; Chou, Wen-Hao. Spatiotemporal Diversification of the True Frogs (Genus Rana): A Historical Framework for a Widely Studied Group of Model Organisms. Systematic Biology. 2016-09-01, 65 (5): 824–842 [2019-04-04]. ISSN 1063-5157. doi:10.1093/sysbio/syw055. (原始內容存檔於2020-06-23) (英語). 
  9. ^ Darrel Frost. 2022. Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.1 (2022-01-14). Electronic Database accessible at https://amphibiansoftheworld.amnh.org/Amphibia/Anura/Ranidae/Rana頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館). American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA.
  10. ^ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 Bain, R.H., A. Lathrop, R.W. Murphy, N. Orlov, and T.C. Ho. 2003. Cryptic species of a cascade frog from southeast Asia: taxonomic revisions and descriptions of six new species. American Museum Novitates. 3417: 1–60.
  11. ^ Chencheng Wang, Lifu Qian, Chenling Zhang, Weibo Guo, Tao Pan, Jun Wu, Hui Wang and Baowei Zhang. 2017. A New Species of Rana from the Dabie Mountains in eastern China (Anura, Ranidae). ZooKeys. 724: 135-153. DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.724.19383
  12. ^ 沈猷慧,江建平,楊道德.中國林蛙屬(無尾目:蛙科)一新種——寒露林蛙Rana hanluica sp. nov[J].Current Zoology, 2007, 53(3):481-488.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1674-5507.2007.03.011.
  13. ^ 13.0 13.1 Raoul H. Bain and Nguyen Quang Trong. 2004. Herpetofaunal Diversity of Ha Giang Province in Northeastern Vietnam, with Descriptions of Two New Species. American Museum Novitates. 3453
  14. ^ Jeremy A. Feinberg, Catherine E. Newman, Gregory J. Watkins-Colwell, Matthew D. Schlesinger, Brian Zarate, Brian R. Curry, H. Bradley Shaffer and Joanna Burger. 2014. Cryptic Diversity in Metropolis: Confirmation of a New Leopard Frog Species (Anura: Ranidae) from New York City and Surrounding Atlantic Coast Regions. PLoS ONE, 2014; 9 (10): e108213 DOI: dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0108213
  15. ^ Ileana Luque-Montes, James D. Austin, Kayla D. Weinfurther, Larry David Wilson, Erich P. Hofmann and Josiah H. Townsend. 2018. An Integrative Assessment of the Taxonomic Status of Putative Hybrid Leopard Frogs (Anura: Ranidae) from the Chortís Highlands of Central America, with Description of A New Species. Systematics and Biodiversity. In Press. DOI 10.1080/14772000.2017.1415232
  16. ^ Zhao, H.P., Yang, J.X., Wang, C.P., Li, P.P., Murphy R.W., Che, J. and Yuan, Z.Y., 2017. A new species of the genus Rana from Henan, central China (Anura, Ranidae). ZooKeys, (694), 95–108.
  17. ^ Koshiro Eto and Masafumi Matsui. 2023. A New Brown Frog from the Goto Islands, Japan with Taxonomic Revision on the Subspecific Relationships of Rana tagoi (Amphibia: Anura: Ranidae). Current Herpetology. 42(2): 191-209. DOI: 10.5358/hsj.42.191
  18. ^ Masashi Ryuzaki, Yoshinori Hasegawa and Mitsuru Kuramoto. 2014. A New Brown Frog of the Genus Rana from Japan (Anura: Ranidae) revealed by Cytological and Bioacoustic Studies. Alytes. 31(3-4); 49-58.
  19. ^ SHEN H. J., XU M. Y., YANG X. Y., CHEN Z., XIAO N. W., CHEN X. H. A New Brown Frog of the Genus Rana (Anura, Ranidae) from North China, with a Taxonomic Revision of the R. chensinensis Species Group. Asian Herpetol Res, 2022, 13(3): 145–158. DOI: 10.16373/j.cnki.ahr.210062
  20. ^ Irving, Hardesty. The number and arrangement of the fibers forming the spinal nerves of the frog (Rana virescens)[J]. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 1899.
  21. ^ Shasha Yan,Qingqing He,Tao Luo, et al. Description of a new species of the genus Rana (Anura: Ranidae) from western Guizhou, China, integrating morphological and molecular genetic data[J]. Zoological Systematics, 2022, 47(4): 275-292.

外部連結

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