阿赫邁底亞
阿赫邁底亞(阿拉伯語:أحمدية;烏爾都語:احمدیہ)是一個發源於英屬印度的伊斯蘭教運動,由米爾扎·古拉姆·艾哈邁德於1887年在旁遮普創立。
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米爾扎·古拉姆·艾哈邁德自認篤信伊斯蘭教,卻自稱是爾薩轉世,是真主任命的穆斯林的新先知,也就是審判日的判官——馬赫迪。由於不承認穆罕默德是最後一位先知,因此被大多伊斯蘭教的教士認定是異端。米爾扎·古拉姆·艾哈邁德死後,由於對教派領袖的產生方法存有分歧,該教派已分裂成為兩派——阿赫邁底亞穆斯林會和拉合爾阿赫邁底亞運動,但絕大多數信徒屬於前者。
目前許多主流伊斯蘭社群拒絕承認阿赫邁底亞派為伊斯蘭教教派[1],主流穆斯林對阿赫邁底亞信徒的迫害也經常發生。在巴基斯坦,這教派在佐勒菲卡爾·阿里·布托和穆罕默德·齊亞·哈克統治時代被政府宣佈為非法,並被禁止自稱穆斯林。
人口分佈
編輯阿赫邁底亞派信徒幾乎分佈於世界各國,其中主要集中在南亞、西非、東非和印尼;根據其他獨立機構調查顯示,全世界信仰該教派者約有1000萬至2000萬間,佔全球穆斯林人口約1%。阿赫邁底亞人口在21世紀初期是成長最快的伊斯蘭教派,目前擁有最多阿赫邁底亞信徒的國家為巴基斯坦,約有400萬人口。
參考文獻
編輯- ^ 阿赫迈底亚邪教的真相. 伊斯蘭之光. [2020-10-14]. (原始內容存檔於2021-03-17).
- ^ Anti Ahmadiyya Movement in Pakistan. Itrool. [2020-10-14]. (原始內容存檔於2021-03-10).
- ^ 印尼对新疆情势的沉默. hrw. [2020-10-14]. (原始內容存檔於2021-03-17).
延伸閲讀
編輯- Mirza Basheer-ud-Din Mahmood Ahmad. Invitation to Ahmadiyyat. Routledge & Kegan Ltd. 1980 [2021-09-10]. ISBN 0-7100-0119-3. (原始內容存檔於2016-11-22).
- Mirza Basheer-ud-Din Mahmood Ahmad. Ahmadiyyat or the true Islam (PDF). Islam International Publications. 1924 [2021-09-10]. ISBN 1-85372-982-5. (原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2008-05-12).
- Mirza Tahir Ahmad. With Love to the Muslims of the World: The Ahmadiyya Perspective (PDF). Surrey: Islam International Publications. 2004 [2021-09-10]. ISBN 1-85372-744-X. (原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2014-12-26).
- Mirza Tahir Ahmad. An Elementary Study of Islam. Surrey: Islam International Publications. 1985 [2021-09-10]. ISBN 1-85372-562-5. (原始內容存檔於2021-09-10).
- Syed Hasanat Ahmad. An Introduction to the Hidden Treasures of Islam (PDF). Surrey: Islam International Publications. 2010 [2021-09-10]. ISBN 978-1-84880-050-2. (原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2019-08-19).
- Humphrey J Fisher. Ahmadiyya: a study in contemporary Islam on the West African coast. Nigeria: Oxford University Press. 1963.
- Yohanan Friedmann. Prophecy Continuous: Aspects of Ahmadi Religious Thought and Its Medieval Background. Oxford University Press. 2003. ISBN 965-264-014-X.
- Antonio R. Gualtieri. Conscience And Coercion. Canada: Guernica Editions. 1989. ISBN 0-920717-41-1.
- Antonio Gualtieri. The Ahmadis: community, gender, and politics in a Muslim society. Canada: McGill-Queen's University Press. 2004. ISBN 0-7735-2738-9.
- Shaikh Abdul Hadi. Basics of Religious Education (PDF) 5th. Canada: Islam International Publications. 2008 [2021-09-10]. ISBN 978-1882494-03-3. (原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2021-07-12).
- Farhan Iqbal; Imtiaz Ahmed Sra. With Love to Muhammad, The Khatam-un-Nabiyyin: The Ahmadiyya Muslim Understanding of Finality of Prophethood (PDF). Canada: Islam International Publications. 2014 [2021-09-10]. ISBN 978-0-9937731-0-5. (原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2021-11-26).
- Muhammad Zafarullah Khan. Ahmadiyyat: The Renaissance of Islam. Tabshir Publications. 1978. ISBN 0-85525-015-1.
- Korbel, Jonathan; Preckel, Claudia. Ghulām Aḥmad al-Qādiyānī: The Messiah of the Christians—Peace upon Him—in India (India, 1908). Bentlage, Björn; Eggert, Marion; Krämer, Hans-Martin; Reichmuth, Stefan (編). Religious Dynamics under the Impact of Imperialism and Colonialism. Numen Book Series 154. Leiden: Brill Publishers. 2016: 426–442 [10 November 2020]. ISBN 978-90-04-32511-1. doi:10.1163/9789004329003_034. (原始內容存檔於2021-11-04).
- Simon Ross Valentine. Islam and the Ahmadiyya jamaʻat: history, belief, practice. Columbia University Press. 2008 [2021-09-10]. ISBN 978-0-231-70094-8. (原始內容存檔於2021-09-10).
- Karimullah Zirvi. Welcome to Ahmadiyyat, the True Islam (PDF). Islam International Publications. [2021-09-10]. (原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2022-02-02).
外部連結
編輯阿赫邁底亞穆斯林會
編輯- Official International 官方網站 (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館)
- Official Chinese 阿赫邁底亞會官方網站 - 中文 (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館)
- Official Website of JALSA SALANA the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館)
- Ahmadiyya Muslim Jamaat Australia (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館)
- Ahmadiyya Muslim Jamaat Austria (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館)
- Ahmadiyya Muslim Jamaat Bangladesh (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館)
- Ahmadiyya Muslim Community Belgium (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館)
- Ahmadiyya Muslim Community Canada (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館)
- Ahmadiyya Muslim Jamaat France (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館)
- Ahmadiyya Muslim Jamaat Germany (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館)
- Ahmadiyya Muslim Community Indonesia
- Ahmadiyya Muslim Jamaat New Zealand (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館)
- Ahmadiyya Muslim Jamaat Sweden (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館)
- Ahmadiyya Muslim Jamaat Switzerland (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館)
- Ahmadiyya Muslim Community UK and Ireland (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館)
- Ahmadiyya Muslim Community USA (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館)
- Ahmadiyya Muslim Community Spain (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館)
- Islam Ahmadiyyat - Revival of Faith Documentary (2008) (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館)
拉合爾阿赫邁底亞運動
編輯- Official Website of the Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement for the Propagation of Islam -- Ahmadiyya Anjuman Ishaat-e-Islam Lahore (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館)
其他相關連結
編輯- Persecution of Ahmadiyya Muslim Community (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館)
- Article regarding death of Mirza Ghulam Ahmad (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館)
- Dawat-e-Lillah Articles - Ahmadiyya articles at eSnips both in Urdu and in English languages and as well as in Arabic
反對者的意見
編輯- The Qadiani Sect by Yusuf Smith - A Muslim convert's Point of View (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館) - Alhafeez.org Anti Ahmadiyya Anti Shia Anti Barelvi, Anti Ismaieli website
- Qadiyanism: A Brief Survey - The Institute of Islamic Information and Education, USA
- Allama Iqbal on Ahmadism (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館) - ServantsofAllah.org
- Sir Muhammad Iqbal and the Ahmadiyya Movement (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館) - Iqbal's sympathies and support for the Ahmadiyya Movement
- The Problem Of Qadiyanism by Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館) - Ummah.com Anti Ahmadiyya Anti Shia Anti Barelvi, Anti Ismaieli website
- Mirza Qadiani's Anti-Islamic Claims by Dr. Syed Rashid Ali (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館) - Islamicweb
- Finality of Prophethood by Abul A'la Maududi - youngmuslims.com
- Darul Ishaat - Learn the truth about Islam
- AboutAhmadiyya.com - Information about Ahmadiyya movement
批評者的意見
編輯- - Replies to miscellaneous allegations
- Confession of few facts by severe opponents of Ahmadis like Dr, Israr Ahmad.Positive remarks about Ahmadiyyat and Founder of Ahmadiyyat by Allama Iqbal, Sir Syed Ahmad Khan and bitter opponent of Ahmadiyyat Dr. Israr Ahmad.A video Clip from ARY Digital, A famous satellite TV channel)
- Allama Iqbal on Ahmadism (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館) - ServantsofAllah.org
- Khatm-e-Nubuwwat (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館)
- Anti Corruption (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館)