烏鯊屬
乌鲨科的一属鱼类
烏鯊屬（學名：Etmopterus）是燈籠棘鮫科的一屬。在太平洋、大西洋和印度洋的深海區域均有發現[2]。
烏鯊屬 化石時期：
| |
|---|---|
| |
| 黑腹烏鯊 (Etmopterus spinax) | |
| |
| 夏威夷烏鯊 (Etmopterus virens) | |
科學分類 
| |
| 界： | 動物界 Animalia |
| 門： | 脊索動物門 Chordata |
| 綱： | 軟骨魚綱 Chondrichthyes |
| 亞類： | 鯊總目 Selachimorpha |
| 目： | 角鯊目 Squaliformes |
| 科： | 燈籠棘鮫科 Etmopteridae |
| 屬： | 烏鯊屬 Etmopterus Rafinesque, 1810 |
該屬中的許多物種是某種寄生藤壺（Anelasma squalicola）的宿主，其嵌入於鯊魚皮膚中，以吸取血液獲取營養為生[3]。
物種
編輯烏鯊屬有42個現存物種，如下：
- Etmopterus alphus Ebert, Straube, R. W. Leslie & Weigmann, 2016[4]
- Etmopterus baxteri Garrick, 1957
- 忍者燈籠鯊 Etmopterus benchleyi Vásquez, Ebert & D. J. Long, 2015[5]
- 比氏烏鯊 Etmopterus bigelowi Shirai & Tachikawa, 1993：又稱比氏燈籠棘鮫
- 短尾烏鯊 Etmopterus brachyurus H. M. Smith & Radcliffe, 1912
- 布氏烏鯊 Etmopterus bullisi Bigelow & Schroeder, 1957
- 柏氏燈籠棘鮫 Etmopterus burgessi Schaaf-Da Silva & Ebert, 2006[6]
- Etmopterus carteri S. Springer & G. H. Burgess, 1985
- Etmopterus caudistigmus Last, G. H. Burgess & Séret, 2002
- 康氏烏鯊 Etmopterus compagnoi R. Fricke & Koch, 1990[7]
- 海南烏鯊 Etmopterus decacuspidatus W. L. Y. Chan, 1966
- Etmopterus dianthus Last, G. H. Burgess & Séret, 2002
- Etmopterus dislineatus Last, G. H. Burgess & Séret, 2002
- Etmopterus evansi Last, G. H. Burgess & Séret, 2002
- Etmopterus fusus Last, G. H. Burgess & Séret, 2002
- 寬帶烏鯊 Etmopterus gracilispinis G. Krefft, 1968
- 南方烏鯊 Etmopterus granulosus (Günther, 1880)
- 加勒比烏鯊 Etmopterus hillianus (Poey, 1861)
- Etmopterus joungi Knuckey, Ebert & G. H. Burgess, 2011[8]
- Etmopterus lailae Ebert, Papastamatiou, Kajiura & Wetherbee, 2017[9]
- 利氏烏鯊 Etmopterus litvinovi Parin & Kotlyar, 1990：又稱燈籠棘鮫
- 亮烏鯊 Etmopterus lucifer D. S. Jordan & Snyder, 1902
- Etmopterus marshae Ebert & Van Hees[10]
- 莫氏烏鯊 Etmopterus molleri (Whitley, 1939)：又稱模拉里燈籠棘鮫
- Etmopterus perryi S. Springer & G. H. Burgess, 1985
- 非洲烏鯊 Etmopterus polli Bigelow, Schroeder & S. Springer, 1953
- 棘鱗烏鯊 Etmopterus princeps Collett, 1904
- Etmopterus pseudosqualiolus Last, G. H. Burgess & Séret, 2002
- 光鱗烏鯊 Etmopterus pusillus (R. T. Lowe, 1839)：又稱布希勒燈籠棘鮫
- 壯烏鯊 Etmopterus pycnolepis Kotlyar, 1990
- 羅賓斯氏烏鯊 Etmopterus robinsi Schofield & G. H. Burgess, 1997
- Etmopterus samadiae W. T. White, Ebert, Mana & Corrigan, 2017[11]
- 舒氏烏鯊 Etmopterus schultzi Bigelow, Schroeder & S. Springer, 1953
- Etmopterus sculptus Ebert, Compagno & De Vries, 2011[12]
- 粗鱗烏鯊 Etmopterus sentosus Bass, D'Aubrey & Kistnasamy, 1976
- 希氏烏鯊 Etmopterus sheikoi (Dolganov, 1986)：又稱希氏燈籠棘鮫、希氏細烏霞鯊[13]
- 黑腹烏鯊 Etmopterus spinax (Linnaeus, 1758)
- 斯普蘭烏鯊 Etmopterus splendidus Ka. Yano, 1988：又稱斯普蘭汀燈籠棘鮫
- 褐烏鯊 Etmopterus unicolor (Engelhardt, 1912)
- Etmopterus viator Straube, 2011[14]
- 夏威夷烏鯊 Etmopterus villosus C. H. Gilbert, 1905
- 墨西哥烏鯊 Etmopterus virens Bigelow, Schroeder & S. Springer, 1953
- 化石種[15]：
- †Etmopterus acutidens Casier 1966
- †Etmopterus cahuzaci Adnet 2006
參考資料
編輯- ^ Adnet S., Cappetta H. A palaeontological and phylogenetical analysis of squaliform sharks (Chondrichthyes: Squaliformes) based on dental characters. Lethaia. 2001, 34 (3): 234–248. doi:10.1111/j.1502-3931.2001.tb00052.x.
- ^ Froese, R. & Pauly, D. (eds.) (2017). Species of Etmopterus. FishBase. Version 2017-06.
- ^ Yano K., Musick J.A. The effect of the mesoparasitic barnacle Anelasma on the development of reproductive organs of deep-sea squaloid sharks, Centroscyllium and Etmopterus. Environmental Biology of Fishes. 2000, 59 (3): 329–339. doi:10.1023/A:1007649227422.
- ^ Ebert D.A., Straube N., Leslie R.W., Weigmann S. Etmopterus alphus n. sp.: a new lanternshark (Squaliformes: Etmopteridae) from the south-western Indian Ocean. African Journal of Marine Science. 2016, 38 (3): 329–340. doi:10.2989/1814232X.2016.1198275.
- ^ Vásquez V.E., Ebert D.A., Long D.J. Etmopterus benchleyi n. sp., a new lanternshark (Squaliformes: Etmopteridae) from the central eastern Pacific Ocean (PDF). Journal of the Ocean Science Foundation. 2015, 17: 43–55 [2020-03-31]. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2016-07-02）.
- ^ Schaaf-Da Silva, J.A. & Ebert, D.A. Etmopterus burgessi sp. nov., a new species of lanternshark (Squaliformes: Etmopteridae) from Taiwan. Zootaxa. 2006, 1373: 53–64. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.1373.1.3.
- ^ Straube, N., Leslie, R.W., Clerkin, P.J., Ebert, D.A., Rochel, E., Corrigan, S., Li, C. & Naylor, G.J.P. (2015): On the occurrence of the Southern Lanternshark, Etmopterus granulosus, off South Africa, with comments on the validity of E. compagnoi. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 115: 11-17.
- ^ Knuckey, J.D.S., Ebert, D.A. & Burgess, G.H. (2011): Etmopterus joungi n. sp., a new species of lanternshark (Squaliformes: Etmopteridae) from Taiwan. （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館） aqua, International Journal of Ichthyology, 17 (2): 61-72.
- ^ Ebert D.A., Papastamatiou Y.P., Kajiura S.M., Wetherbee B.M. Etmopterus lailae sp. nov., a new lanternshark (Squaliformes: Etmopteridae) from the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (PDF). Zootaxa. 2017, 4237 (2): 371–382 [2020-03-31]. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4237.2.10. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2018-10-24）.
- ^ Ebert, David A.; Van Hees, Kelley E. Etmopterus marshae sp. nov, a new lanternshark (Squaliformes: Etmopteridae) from the Philippine Islands, with a revised key to the Etmopterus lucifer clade. Zootaxa. 2018, 4508 (2): 197–210. PMID 30485973. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4508.2.3.
- ^ White W.T., Ebert D.A., Mana R.R., Corrigan S. Etmopterus samadiae n. sp., a new lanternshark (Squaliformes: Etmopteridae) from Papua New Guinea. Zootaxa. 2017, 4244 (3): 339–354 [2020-03-31]. PMID 28610109. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4244.3.3. （原始內容存檔於2019-07-24）.
- ^ Ebert D.A., Compagno L.J.V., De Vries M.J. A New Lanternshark (Squaliformes: Etmopteridae: Etmopterus) from Southern Africa. Copeia. 2011, 2011 (3): 379–384. doi:10.1643/CI-09-183.
- ^ Straube N., White W.T., Ho H.-C., Rochel E., Corrigan S., Li C., Naylor G.J.P. A DNA sequence-based identification checklist for Taiwanese chondrichthyans (PDF). Zootaxa. 2013, 3752 (1): 256–278 [2020-03-31]. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3752.1.16. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2019-07-24）.
- ^ Straube, N., Duhamel, G., Gasco, N., Kriwet, J. & Schliewen, U.K. Description of a new deep-sea Lantern Shark Etmopterus viator sp. nov. (Squaliformes: Etmopteridae) from the Southern Hemisphere. In: Duhamel, G. & Welsford, D. (Eds.), The Kerguelen Plateau: Marine Ecosystem and Fisheries.. Société Française d'Ichtyologie. 2011: 137–150.
- ^ List of species/Extinct - complete. shark-references.com. [2017-09-25]. （原始內容存檔於2017-09-26）.