僧王
僧伽羅闍(巴利語:Sangha-raja;高棉語:សង្ឃរាជ sanghreach;泰語:พระสังฆราช Sangkharat),意譯為僧王,上座部佛教名詞,是泰國和柬埔寨等東南亞國家巴利語系佛教的最高領袖的名稱,名義上是全國僧侶的統領[1]。
詞源
編輯巴利語中的Sangha-raja爲僧伽(巴利語:Sangha;梵語:Saṃgha)和王者(巴利語、梵語:rāja)的合成詞。
概論
編輯僧王音譯「增加拉者」,是泰國和柬埔寨對佛教最高領袖的稱呼。在緬甸,則稱僧王為「薩沙那邦」(緬甸語:သာသနာပိုင်,Thathanabaing,意為「佛法看守人」)或摩訶僧伽拉者(緬甸語:မဟာသံဃာရာဇာ Mahasangharaja,義爲「大僧王」)[2],1938年被英國殖民當局廢黜。
僧王在泰國享有崇高地位,與國王及政府平起平坐。
參見
編輯參考資料
編輯- ^ ราชบัณฑิตยสถาน, พจนานุกรม ฉบับราชบัณฑิตยสถาน พ.ศ. 2542, กรุงเทพฯ : นานมีบุ๊คส์พับลิเคชั่นส์, 2546, หน้า 1160
- ^ Twomey, D.H.R. The Thathanabaing, Head of the Buddhist Monks of Burma. The Imperial and Asiatic Quarterly Review (Oriental Institute). January 1904, XVII (33/34): 326–335.
書目
編輯- Bennett, Charles Henry Allan. The Thathanabaing. Buddhism: A Quarterly Illustrated Review (Rangoon: International Buddhist Society). November 1904, 1 (4): 177–208.
- Aung San Suu Kyi. Freedom from Fear. Penguin. 2010. ISBN 978-1-101-56400-4.
- Chandara, Lor. Buddhist Head Becomes Great Supreme Patriarch. The Cambodia Daily. 25 May 2006 [7 November 2013]. (原始內容存檔於2019-05-13).
- Ghosh, Parimal. Brave Men of the Hills. University of Hawaii Press. 2000. ISBN 978-0-8248-2207-1.
- Harris, Ian, Sangha Groupings in Cambodia, Buddhist Studies Review (UK Association for Buddhist Studies), August 2001, 18 (I): 65–72
- Harris, Ian, Buddhism and Politics in Twentieth-century Asia, Continuum International Publishing Group, 2001, ISBN 0-8264-5178-0
- James, Helen. Governance and Civil Society in Myanmar. Psychology Press. 2005: 81–84.
- Long, Edward E. Order of the Yellow Robe. Broad views (Gay & Bird). January 1906, 5 (25).
- Scott, J. George. Gazetteer of Upper Burma and the Shan states (PDF) 2. Superintendent, Government Printing. 1900 [2017-07-09]. (原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2019-12-08).
- Twomey, D.H.R. The Thathanabaing, Head of the Buddhist Monks of Burma. The Imperial and Asiatic Quarterly Review (Oriental Institute). January 1904, XVII (33/34): 326–335.