史超域·古連
美国民族学家（1858—1929）
史超域·古連（Stewart Culin，1858年7月13日—1929年4月8日），美國民族學家，也是著名的傳統棋牌遊戲研究者。
| 史超域·古連 Stewart Culin | |
|---|---|
 史超域·古連，攝於1920年 | |
| 出生 | 羅伯特·史超域·古連 Robert Stewart Culin 1858年7月13日 賓夕法尼亞州費城 |
| 逝世 | 1929年4月8日（70歲） 紐約州長島阿米蒂維爾 |
| 職業 | 民族學家 |
生平
編輯出生在費城，求學於賓州。費城的印地安人與美國華人勞工是他最早的民族學研究對象，並對他們所玩的局戲、牌戲深感興趣， 而邁入對各地傳統遊戲的收集與研究。
古連在芝加哥哥倫布紀念博覽會展覽各種棋牌遊戲，遇到Frank Hamilton Cushing，以後兩人就一起研究。
1892年，古連在賓州大學考古學與人類學博物館當任主管。1895年，他寫出第一本著作：《高麗遊戲》（Korean Games），短短幾年又寫《印地安遊戲》（American Indian Games）、《夏威夷遊戲》（Hawaiian Games）、《菲律賓遊戲》（Philippine Games ） 。
1903年，古連成為布魯克林博物館中人類學部門的館長。
部分著作
編輯投稿
編輯- (1889). Chinese Games with Dice. Philadelphia: Oriental Club of Philadelphia. 21pp.[1]
- (1890 March). Italian Marionettes. Journal of American Folklore, 155-157.
- (1891). Gambling Games of the Chinese in America. University of Pennsylvania Series in Philology, Literature and Archaeology 1 (4). 17pp.[2]
- (1891). Street Games of Boys in Brooklyn. Journal of American Folklore 4, 221-237.[3]
- (1893). Chinese Games with Dice and Dominoes. Annual Report of the U.S. National Museum 1893, 491-537[4]
- (1893). Exhibition of Games in the Columbian Exposition. Journal of American Folklore vol. 6, no. 22, 205-227.
- (1894). Mancala, the National Game of Africa. Annual Report of the U.S. National Museum 1894, 597-606[5]
- (1896). Chess and Playing-Cards. Annual Report of the U.S. National Museum 1896, 665-942.
- (1898 October). American Indian Games. Journal of American Folklore, 245-252.[6]
- (1899). Hawaiian Games. American Anthropologist (ns) 1 (2), 201-247.
- (1900). Philippine Games. American Anthropologist (ns) 2, 643-656.[7]
- (1903). American Indian Games. American Anthropologist (ns) 5, 58-64.
- (1920 October). Japanese Game of Sugoroku. Brooklyn Museum Quarterly 7, 213-233.
- (1924 October). Game of Ma-Jong. Brooklyn Museum Quarterly 11, 153-168.[8]
- (1925 July). Japanese Swinging Bat Game (paper). Brooklyn Museum Quarterly 12, 133-150.
- (1925 July). Japanese Game of Battledore and Shuttlecock. Brooklyn Museum Quarterly 12, 133-150.
書籍
編輯- Culin, Stewart; University of Pennsylvania Press(1895). Korean Games With Notes on the Corresponding Games of China and Japan. (Ed. 1958/1960) Games of The Orient. Rutland, Vermont: Charles E. Tuttle Company. 177 pages. (Ed. 1991) Korean Games With Notes on the Corresponding Games of China and Japan. Dover Publications. 256 pp. ISBN 0-486-26593-5.
- Culin, Stewart (1907). 24th Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology: Games of North American Indians. Washington DC: US gov Printing Office. 846 pp. (rev. ed. 1975 ) Dover Publications. 867 pp. ISBN 0-486-23125-9. (1994) University of Nebraska Press. ISBN 0-8032-6357-0
傳記
編輯- Bronner Simon J. (1985)"Stewart Culin, Museum Magician." Pennsylvania Heritage 11, no. 3 (Summer), 4-11
- Bronner Simon J. (1989) Object Lessons: The Work of Ethnological Museums and Collections, in Consuming Visions: Accumulation and Display of Goods in America, 1880-1920, ed. Simon J. Bronner, 217-254. New York: W.W. Norton.
- Lawrence, Deirdre E. (1989 July). Culin: Collector and Documentor of the World he saw
參考資料
編輯- ^ Chinese Games With Dice. Gamesmuseum.uwaterloo.ca. 2010-01-29 [2012-03-15]. （原始內容存檔於2006-08-27）.
- ^ Gambling Games of the Chinese in America. Gamesmuseum.uwaterloo.ca. 2010-01-29 [2012-03-15]. （原始內容存檔於2012-03-11）.
- ^ Street Games. Gamesmuseum.uwaterloo.ca. 2010-01-30 [2012-03-15]. （原始內容存檔於2012-03-26）.
- ^ Chinese Games With Dice and Dominoes. Gamesmuseum.uwaterloo.ca. 2010-01-31 [2012-03-15]. （原始內容存檔於2012-07-31）.
- ^ Mancala, The National Game of Africa. Gamesmuseum.uwaterloo.ca. 2010-01-10 [2012-03-15]. （原始內容存檔於2012-02-15）.
- ^ American Indian Games. Gamesmuseum.uwaterloo.ca. 2010-01-29 [2012-03-15]. （原始內容存檔於2011-07-24）.
- ^ Philippine Games. Gamesmuseum.uwaterloo.ca. 2010-01-30 [2012-03-15]. （原始內容存檔於2011-07-24）.
- ^ The Game of Ma-Jong. Gamesmuseum.uwaterloo.ca. 2010-01-30 [2012-03-15]. （原始內容存檔於2012-03-26）.