底痕

底痕（英語：sole markings）是指在地層的底部的沉積結構，通常規模小（厘米級）^[1]。這通常在兩種不同岩性和/不同顆粒大小的界面處出現。一般以模痕被保存在上層地層底部 ^[2]。它們的形狀，可以用來判別古水流方向。^[3]。在濁積岩最常見，但也可在河床和潮汐通道沉積環境出現。最常見的有工具痕（英語：tool marks） ^[4]，槽模（英語：groove casts）^[5]，荷重痕（英語：load casts） ^[6].

參考文獻

^ Prothero, D. R. and Schwab, F., 1996, Sedimentary Geology, pg. 55, ISBN 0-7167-2726-9
^ http://course1.winona.edu/csumma/FieldTrips/SedimentaryStructures/sole%5Fmarks/ （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館） Sole Marks
^ Pettijohn F. J., and Paul Edwin Potter. Paleocurrents and Basin Analysis. Berlin Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, 1977. 157
^ Jackson, J.L., Glossary of Geology (4th Edition). Alexandria, Virginia: American Geological Institute, 1997
^ Allen, J. R.. Sedimentary Structures: Their Character and Physical Basis Volume II. Oxford: Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company, (1982). 253
^ Pettijohn F. J., and Paul Edwin Potter. Atlas and Glossary of Primary Sedimentary Structures. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1964. 311

[”Prothero”-1] Prothero, D. R. and Schwab, F., 1996, Sedimentary Geology, pg. 55, ISBN 0-7167-2726-9

[”http”-2] ttp://course1.winona.edu/csumma/FieldTrips/SedimentaryStructures/sole%5Fmarks/ （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館） Sole Marks

[”Pettijohn”-3] Pettijohn F. J., and Paul Edwin Potter. Paleocurrents and Basin Analysis. Berlin Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, 1977. 157

[”Jackson”-4] Jackson, J.L., Glossary of Geology (4th Edition). Alexandria, Virginia: American Geological Institute, 1997

[”Allen”-5] Allen, J. R.. Sedimentary Structures: Their Character and Physical Basis Volume II. Oxford: Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company, (1982). 253

[”Pettijohn1”-6] Pettijohn F. J., and Paul Edwin Potter. Atlas and Glossary of Primary Sedimentary Structures. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1964. 311

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