弓狀束

弓狀束
弓狀束
	弓狀束連接語言中樞的兩大區域
	弓狀束的纖維跟蹤成像
韌帶起點	額葉布羅卡區
韌帶終點	顳葉韋尼克區
標識字符
拉丁文	fasciculus arcuatus
TA98	A14.1.09.557
TA2	5599
FMA	FMA:260714
	《神經解剖學術語（英語：Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy）》 [在維基數據上編輯]

弓狀束（英文：Arcuate fasciculus），是連接大腦語言中樞「布羅卡區」和「韋尼克區」的神經通路，在結構上是連接顳葉皮層尾部和額葉皮層下部的眾多神經纖維^[1]^[2]。

結構

在結構上，弓狀束屬於大腦白質的神經徑（英語：Nerve tract），與上縱束（英語：Superior longitudinal fasciculus）平行分佈。由於二者鄰近，有些研究人員也將弓狀束、上縱束混稱^[3]。

歷史上，弓狀束被認為連接語言中樞「布羅卡區」和「韋尼克區」：布羅卡區位於額下回，韋尼克區位於後顳上回。但如今大多數科學家認為這是個過度簡化的模型^[4]。

功能

一些研究人員認為「句法」是人類語言的特質。儘管對於弓狀束的具體功能仍有爭論，主流理論認為它參與處理複雜的句法^[2]^[5]。有研究顯示，隨着弓狀束的成熟、髓鞘化，人對於句法的處理能力隨之提升。此外，弓狀束損傷會導致人產生句法處理障礙。

弓狀束屬於雙側型結構，意味着在兩側的大腦半球中均存在。但是兩側的弓狀束不對稱：左側的一般要強於右側。其中左側的弓狀束被認為參與了句法處理，而右側的則被認為參與了韻律處理^[6]^[7]。進一步研究顯示右側的弓狀束可能與解讀人臉表情中的情緒有關^[8]。

臨床

弓狀束受損可導致傳導性失語症^[9]。此外，口吃、特定型語言障礙（英語：Specific language impairment）、失讀症也可能與弓狀束異常有關^[10]^[11]。

參見

參考資料

^ Noggle, Chad A. Arcuate Fasciculus. Goldstein, Sam (編). Encyclopedia of Child Behavior and Development. Boston, MA: Springer US. 2011: 141–141. ISBN 978-0-387-79061-9. doi:10.1007/978-0-387-79061-9_179 （英語）.
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 Arcuate Fasciculus - an overview. Science Direct. [2021-03-27]. （原始內容存檔於2022-01-08）（英語）.
^ Jeremy D. Schmahmann; Deepak N. Pandya. Fiber Pathways of the Brain. 2006 [2021-03-27]. （原始內容存檔於2022-01-19）（英語）.
^ Dick, Anthony Steven; Tremblay, Pascale. Beyond the arcuate fasciculus: consensus and controversy in the connectional anatomy of language. Brain. 2012-12-01, 135 (12): 3529–3550. ISSN 0006-8950. doi:10.1093/brain/aws222.
^ Wilson, Stephen M.; Galantucci, Sebastiano; Tartaglia, Maria Carmela; Rising, Kindle; Patterson, Dianne K; Henry, Maya L.; Ogar, Jennifer M.; DeLeon, Jessica; Miller, Bruce L. Syntactic processing depends on dorsal language tracts. Neuron. 2011-10-20, 72 (2): 397–403 [2021-03-27]. ISSN 0896-6273. PMC 3201770  . PMID 22017996. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2011.09.014. （原始內容存檔於2021-09-18）.
^ Friederici, Angela. Language in our brain : the origins of a uniquely human capacity. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press. 2017. ISBN 9780262036924.
^ Vandermosten, Maaike; Boets, Bart; Wouters, Jan; Ghesquière, Pol. A qualitative and quantitative review of diffusion tensor imaging studies in reading and dyslexia. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews. 1 July 2012, 36 (6): 1532–1552 [2021-03-27]. ISSN 0149-7634. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2012.04.002. （原始內容存檔於2019-10-20）.
^ Nakajima, Riho; Yordanova, Yordanka N.; Duffau, Hugues; Herbet, Guillaume. Neuropsychological evidence for the crucial role of the right arcuate fasciculus in the face-based mentalizing network: A disconnection analysis. Neuropsychologia. July 2018, 115: 179–187. doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.01.024.
^ Bernal, Byron; Ardila, Alfredo. The role of the arcuate fasciculus in conduction aphasia. Brain: A Journal of Neurology. 2009-09, 132 (Pt 9): 2309–2316 [2021-03-27]. ISSN 1460-2156. PMID 19690094. doi:10.1093/brain/awp206. （原始內容存檔於2021-04-25）.
^ Cieslak, M; Ingham, R; Ingham, J; Grafton, S. Anomalous white matter morphology in adults who stutter. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research. 2015, 58 (2): 268–277. PMC 4675119  . PMID 25635376. doi:10.1044/2015_JSLHR-S-14-0193.
^ Vandermosten, Maaike; Boets, Bart; Wouters, Jan; Ghesquière, Pol. A qualitative and quantitative review of diffusion tensor imaging studies in reading and dyslexia. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews. 1 July 2012, 36 (6): 1532–1552 [2021-03-27]. ISSN 0149-7634. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2012.04.002. （原始內容存檔於2019-10-20）.

[1] Noggle, Chad A. Arcuate Fasciculus. Goldstein, Sam (編). Encyclopedia of Child Behavior and Development. Boston, MA: Springer US. 2011: 141–141. ISBN 978-0-387-79061-9. doi:10.1007/978-0-387-79061-9_179 （英語）.

[:0-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Arcuate Fasciculus - an overview. Science Direct. [2021-03-27]. （原始內容存檔於2022-01-08）（英語）.

[3] Jeremy D. Schmahmann; Deepak N. Pandya. Fiber Pathways of the Brain. 2006 [2021-03-27]. （原始內容存檔於2022-01-19）（英語）.

[4] Dick, Anthony Steven; Tremblay, Pascale. Beyond the arcuate fasciculus: consensus and controversy in the connectional anatomy of language. Brain. 2012-12-01, 135 (12): 3529–3550. ISSN 0006-8950. doi:10.1093/brain/aws222.

[5] Wilson, Stephen M.; Galantucci, Sebastiano; Tartaglia, Maria Carmela; Rising, Kindle; Patterson, Dianne K; Henry, Maya L.; Ogar, Jennifer M.; DeLeon, Jessica; Miller, Bruce L. Syntactic processing depends on dorsal language tracts. Neuron. 2011-10-20, 72 (2): 397–403 [2021-03-27]. ISSN 0896-6273. PMC 3201770  . PMID 22017996. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2011.09.014. （原始內容存檔於2021-09-18）.

[:02-6] Friederici, Angela. Language in our brain : the origins of a uniquely human capacity. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press. 2017. ISBN 9780262036924.

[:2-7] Vandermosten, Maaike; Boets, Bart; Wouters, Jan; Ghesquière, Pol. A qualitative and quantitative review of diffusion tensor imaging studies in reading and dyslexia. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews. 1 July 2012, 36 (6): 1532–1552 [2021-03-27]. ISSN 0149-7634. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2012.04.002. （原始內容存檔於2019-10-20）.

[8] Nakajima, Riho; Yordanova, Yordanka N.; Duffau, Hugues; Herbet, Guillaume. Neuropsychological evidence for the crucial role of the right arcuate fasciculus in the face-based mentalizing network: A disconnection analysis. Neuropsychologia. July 2018, 115: 179–187. doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.01.024.

[9] Bernal, Byron; Ardila, Alfredo. The role of the arcuate fasciculus in conduction aphasia. Brain: A Journal of Neurology. 2009-09, 132 (Pt 9): 2309–2316 [2021-03-27]. ISSN 1460-2156. PMID 19690094. doi:10.1093/brain/awp206. （原始內容存檔於2021-04-25）.

[10] Cieslak, M; Ingham, R; Ingham, J; Grafton, S. Anomalous white matter morphology in adults who stutter. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research. 2015, 58 (2): 268–277. PMC 4675119  . PMID 25635376. doi:10.1044/2015_JSLHR-S-14-0193.

[:22-11] Vandermosten, Maaike; Boets, Bart; Wouters, Jan; Ghesquière, Pol. A qualitative and quantitative review of diffusion tensor imaging studies in reading and dyslexia. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews. 1 July 2012, 36 (6): 1532–1552 [2021-03-27]. ISSN 0149-7634. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2012.04.002. （原始內容存檔於2019-10-20）.

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