朱頂紅屬

朱頂紅屬（學名：Hippeastrum），屬單子葉植物天門冬目石蒜科，為多年生鱗莖植物。分類上有時會與孤挺花屬（Amaryllis）混淆，甚至有時作為其異名使用。

朱頂紅屬
短筒朱頂紅 Hippeastrum reginae
科學分類
界：	植物界 Plantae
演化支：	維管束植物 Tracheophyta
演化支：	被子植物 Angiosperms
演化支：	單子葉植物 Monocots
目：	天門冬目 Asparagales
科：	石蒜科 Amaryllidaceae
亞科：	石蒜亞科 Amaryllidoideae
屬：	朱頂紅屬 Hippeastrum Herb., 1821
模式種
Hippeastrum reginae (L.) Herb.
異名
列表 Aschamia Salisb. Aulica Raf. Callicore Link Carlotea Arruda ex H.Kost. Chonais Salisb. Eusarcops Raf. Lais Salisb. Leopoldia Herb.nom. rej. Lepidopharynx Rusby Moldenkea Traub Omphalissa Salisb. Trisacarpis Raf.

葉6-8枚，呈寬帶型，頂生傘狀花序。每年春夏之交開花，花漏斗狀，似百合花，花色鮮艷，大多為紅色，也有粉、白等色。通常用鱗莖、種子繁殖，鱗莖大小在5-12釐米左右，有毒。

性較喜陰，不耐寒，原產於南美洲熱帶地區，17世紀傳入歐洲。

命名

其學名取自古希臘語，意思是「騎士之星」。其中「ἱππεύς」（hippeus）的意思是騎士，「ἄστρον」（astron）的意思是星星。

分類

Hippeastrum evansiae

鳳蝶朱頂紅 Hippeastrum papilio

Hippeastrum reticulatum var. striatifolium. 白肋朱頂紅，台灣台中市。

該屬下分數個亞屬，但存在爭議，現在生物分類學上通常不使用這些命名：

• Aschamia (Salisb.) Baker
• Cephaleon Traub
• Lais (Salisb.) Baker
• Macropodastrum Baker
• Omphalissa (Salisb.) Baker
• Sealyana Traub

該屬下有近百種植物，，此外還有Hippeastrum x johnsonii等雜交種。

• Hippeastrum abatinguara Campos-Rocha & A.S.Medeiros
• 燦爛朱頂紅 Hippeastrum aglaiae (A.Cast.) Hunz. & A.A.Cocucci
• Hippeastrum amaru (Vargas) Meerow
• Hippeastrum andreanum Baker
• 狹葉朱頂紅 Hippeastrum angustifolium Pax
• Hippeastrum apertispathum (Traub) H.E.Moore
• Hippeastrum arboricola (Ravenna) Meerow
• Hippeastrum argentinum (Pax) Hunz.
• 臍頂紅 Hippeastrum aulicum (Ker Gawl.) Herb.
• Hippeastrum aviflorum (Ravenna) Dutilh
• Hippeastrum blossfeldiae (Traub & J.L.Doran) Van Scheepen
• 白花朱頂紅 Hippeastrum brasilianum (Traub & J.L.Doran) Dutilh
• 短花朱頂紅 Hippeastrum breviflorum Herb.
• Hippeastrum bukasovii (Vargas) Gereau & Brako
• Hippeastrum caiaponicum (Ravenna) Dutilh
• 綠花臍頂紅 Hippeastrum calyptratum (Ker Gawl.) Herb.
• Hippeastrum canastrense Dutilh & R.S.Oliveira
• Hippeastrum canterae Arechav.
• Hippeastrum canterai Arechav.
• Hippeastrum cardenasii R.Vásquez & R.Lara
• Hippeastrum caupolicanense (Cárdenas) Van Scheepen
• Hippeastrum cipoanum (Ravenna) Meerow
• Hippeastrum condemaitae (Vargas & E.Pérez) Meerow
• 綠紋朱頂紅 Hippeastrum correiense (Bury) Worsley
• Hippeastrum curitibanum (Ravenna) Dutilh
• Hippeastrum curupira Campos-Rocha & M.Peixoto
• Hippeastrum cuzcoense (Vargas) Gereau & Brako
• 細瓣朱頂紅 Hippeastrum cybister (Herb.) Benth. ex Baker
• Hippeastrum damazianum Beauverd
• Hippeastrum diniz-cruziae Dutilh & Semir
• Hippeastrum divifrancisci (Cárdenas) R.Lara & R.Vásquez
• Hippeastrum divijulianum (Cárdenas) Meerow
• Hippeastrum doraniae (Traub) Meerow
• 雅致朱頂紅 Hippeastrum elegans (Spreng.) H.E.Moore
• Hippeastrum espiritense (Traub) H.E.Moore
• Hippeastrum euryphyllum (Ravena) W.A. Medina & Roitman, 2023
• 皺邊朱頂紅 Hippeastrum evansiae (Traub & I.S.Nelson) H.E.Moore
• Hippeastrum evansii (Traub & I.S.Nelson) H.E.Moore
• Hippeastrum ferreyrae (Traub) Gereau & Brako
• Hippeastrum flavum (Phil.) Christenh. & Byng, 2018
• Hippeastrum flavus Phil.
• Hippeastrum forgetii Worsley
• 極香朱頂紅 Hippeastrum fragrantissimum (Cárdenas) Meerow
• Hippeastrum fuscum Kraenzl.
• Hippeastrum gertianum (Ravenna) Dutilh
• Hippeastrum glaucescens (Mart. ex Schult. & Schult.f.) Herb.
• Hippeastrum goianum (Ravenna) Meerow
• Hippeastrum guarapuavicum (Ravenna) Van Scheepen
• Hippeastrum harrisonii (Lindl.) Hook.f.
• Hippeastrum haywardii (Traub & Uphof) R.Lara & R.Vásquez
• Hippeastrum hemographes (Ravenna) Dutilh
• Hippeastrum hugoi (Vargas) Gereau & Brako
• Hippeastrum hybr
• Hippeastrum hybridum hort. ex Velenovsky
• Hippeastrum idimae Dutilh & R.S.Oliveira
• Hippeastrum iguazuanum (Ravenna) T.R.Dudley & M.Williams
• Hippeastrum incachacanum (Cárdenas) Van Scheepen
• Hippeastrum intiflorum (Vargas) Gereau & Brako
• Hippeastrum johnsonii (Gowen) Herb.
• Hippeastrum kromeri (Worsley) Meerow
• Hippeastrum lapacense (Cárdenas) Van Scheepen
• Hippeastrum lavrense (Ravenna) R.S.Oliveira & Dutilh
• Hippeastrum leonardii (Vargas) Gereau & Brako
• 白緣朱頂紅 Hippeastrum leopoldii T.Moore
• Hippeastrum leucobasis (Ravenna) Dutilh
• Hippeastrum lunaris Campos-Rocha & Meerow
• Hippeastrum macbridei (Vargas) Gereau & Brako
• Hippeastrum machupijchense (Vargas) D.R.Hunt
• 貓花朱頂紅 Hippeastrum mandonii Baker
• Hippeastrum maracasum (Traub) H.E.Moore
• Hippeastrum marumbiense (Ravenna) Van Scheepen
• Hippeastrum mauroi Campos-Rocha & Dutilh
• Hippeastrum menesesii R.Vásquez & R.Lara
• Hippeastrum minasgerais (Traub) Meerow
• 秘魯朱頂紅 Hippeastrum miniatum (Ruiz & Pav.) Herb.
• 無梗朱頂紅 Hippeastrum mirum (Ravenna) Christenh. & Byng
• Hippeastrum mollevillquense (Cárdenas) Van Scheepen
• Hippeastrum monanthum (Ravenna) Meerow
• 綠星朱頂紅 Hippeastrum morelianum Lem.
• 紅唇朱頂紅 Hippeastrum nelsonii (Cárdenas) Van Scheepen
• Hippeastrum oconequense (Traub) H.E.Moore
• Hippeastrum organense Hook.
• 鳳蝶朱頂紅 Hippeastrum papilio (Ravenna) Van Scheepen
• Hippeastrum paquichanum (Cárdenas) Dutilh
• Hippeastrum paradisiacum (Ravenna) Meerow
• Hippeastrum paranaense (Traub) Meerow
• Hippeastrum pardinum (Hook.f.) Dombrain
• Hippeastrum pardinum J.J.Veitch, 1867
• Hippeastrum pardinum Lem.
• 黃喇叭朱頂紅 Hippeastrum parodii Hunz. & A.A.Cocucci
• Hippeastrum peruvianum Meerow & Campos-Rocha
• Hippeastrum petiolatum Pax
• Hippeastrum pseudopardinum (Cárdenas) R.Vásquez & R.Lara
• 鸚鵡朱頂紅 Hippeastrum psittacinum (Ker Gawl.) Herb.
• 石榴朱頂紅 Hippeastrum puniceum (Lam.) Voss
• Hippeastrum ramboi R.E.Bastian & Büneker
• Hippeastrum regina-vittatum Herb.
• 短筒朱頂紅 Hippeastrum reginae (L.) Herb.
• 白肋朱頂紅 Hippeastrum reticulatum (L'Hér.) Herb.
• Hippeastrum robustum A.Dietr., 1852
• Hippeastrum roseoalbum R.S.Oliveira & Dutilh
• Hippeastrum rubropictum (Ravenna) Meerow
• 朱頂紅 Hippeastrum rutilum
• Hippeastrum sanfranciscanum Dutilh & R.S.Oliveira
• Hippeastrum santacatarina (Traub) Dutilh
• Hippeastrum scopulorum Baker
• Hippeastrum starkiorum (I.S.Nelson & Traub) Van Scheepen
• 朱頂紅 Hippeastrum striatum (Lam.) H.E.Moore
• Hippeastrum stylosum Herb.
• Hippeastrum sylvatica Mart.
• Hippeastrum teyucuarense (Ravenna) Van Scheepen
• Hippeastrum traubii (Moldenke) H.E.Moore
• Hippeastrum umabisanum (Cárdenas) Meerow
• Hippeastrum unguiculata Mart.
• Hippeastrum vanleestenii (Traub) H.E.Moore
• Hippeastrum variegatum Gereau & Brako
• Hippeastrum velloziflorum Campos-Rocha & Meerow
• Hippeastrum verdianum Büneker & R.E.Bastian
• Hippeastrum viridiflorum Rusby
• 花朱頂紅 Hippeastrum vittatum (L'Hér.) Herb.，百枝蓮
• Hippeastrum wilsoniae L.J.Doran & F.W.Mey.
• Hippeastrum wilsonii L.J.Doran & F.W.Mey.
• Hippeastrum yungacense (Cárdenas & I.S.Nelson) Meerow

雜交種

• Hippeastrum ×batemannii Herb. Herb.
• Hippeastrum ×benthamii Herb. Herb.
• Hippeastrum ×brookesii Herb. Herb.
• Hippeastrum ×gravianae M.Roem. M.Roem.
• Hippeastrum ×hendersonii
• Hippeastrum ×hortorum Maatsch Maatsch
• Hippeastrum ×splendens Herb. Herb.

歸入本屬的物種：

• Carlotea formosissimum Arruda
• Carlotea speciosa Arruda
• Moldenkea lateritia Traub

參考文獻

書籍

一般性

• Clay, Horace F; Hubbard, James C. Tropical Exotics: Hippeastrum vittatum. University of Hawaii Press. 1987. ISBN 978-0-8248-1127-3. 
• James Cullen; Sabina G. Knees; H. Suzanne Cubey (編). The European Garden Flora Flowering Plants: A Manual for the Identification of Plants Cultivated in Europe, Both Out-of-Doors and Under Glass. Cambridge University Press. 2011. ISBN 978-0521761475. 
• Dimitri, M. Enciclopedia Argentina de Agricultura y Jardinería. Tomo I. Descripción de plantas cultivadas. Buenos Aires: Editorial ACME S.A.C.I. 1987 （西班牙語）. 
• Hartmann, H.; Kester, D. Propagación de plantas, principios y prácticas. México: Compañía Editorial Continental S.A. 1987. ISBN 978-968-26-0789-9. 
• Hessayon, D.G. The Bulb Expert. London: Transworld Publishers. 1995. ISBN 9780903505420. 
• Kamenetsky, Rina; Okubo, Hiroshi (編). Ornamental Geophytes: From Basic Science to Sustainable Production. CRC Press. 2012 [2019-02-14]. ISBN 978-1-4398-4924-8. （原始內容存檔於2017-10-24）. 
• Kubitzki, K. (編). The families and genera of vascular plants. Vol.3. Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag. 1998 [14 January 2014]. ISBN 978-3-540-64060-8. 
• Mabberley, David J. Mabberley's Plant-Book 3. Cambridge University Press. 2013 [8 January 2014]. ISBN 978-1107782594. 
• Phillips, R.; Rix, M. Bulbs. London: Pan Books Ltd. 1989. 
• Rossi, Rosella. Guía de Bulbos. Barcelona: Grijalbo. 1990. 
• Simpson, Michael G. Plant Systematics. Academic Press. 2011 [2019-02-14]. ISBN 978-0-08-051404-8. （原始內容存檔於2016-04-27）. 
• Singh, Gurcharan. Plant Systematics: An Integrated Approach. Science Publishers. 2004 [23 January 2014]. ISBN 978-1578083510. （原始內容存檔於2016-05-13）. 
• Takos, Adam; Rook, Fred. Towards a Molecular Understanding of the Biosynthesis of Amaryllidaceae Alkaloids in Support of Their Expanding Medical Use. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 31 May 2013, 14 (6): 11713–11741 [25 December 2014]. PMC 3709753 . PMID 23727937. doi:10.3390/ijms140611713. （原始內容存檔於2019-04-07）. 
• Taylor, P. Gardening with Bulbs. London: Pavilion Books Ltd. 1996. 
• Veitch, James Herbert. Hortus Veitchii: A History of the Rise and Progress of the Nurseries of Messrs James Veitch and Sons. Cambridge University Press. 2011 [1906]. ISBN 978-1-108-03736-5. 
  • see also Hortus Veitchii, Messrs James Veitch and Sons
• Walter, Kerry S.; Gillett, Harriet J. (編). 1997 IUCN red list of threatened plants. Gland, Switzerland: International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources Species Survival Commission. 1998 [2019-02-14]. ISBN 9782831703282. （原始內容存檔於2017-09-04）. 

分類學

• Linnaeus, Carl. Species Plantarum. Stockholm: Laurentii Salvii. 1753 [2019-02-14]. （原始內容存檔於2020-05-06）. 
• Aiton, W. Hortus Kewensis 3 vols. London: George Nicol. 1789 [2019-02-14]. （原始內容存檔於2020-06-14）. 
• Curtis, W. Amaryllis equestris. Botanical Magazine. 1795, 9–10: 304 [2019-02-14]. （原始內容存檔於2018-11-16）. 
• von Jacquin, Nikolaus Joseph. Hortus Schoenbrunnensis. Plantarum Rariorum Horti Caesarei Schoenbrunnensis Descriptiones et Icones (4 volumes). Vienna. 1797–1804 [2019-02-14]. （原始內容存檔於2020-06-26）. 
• Koster, Henry. Travels in Brazil. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown. 1816 [11 May 2015]. 
• Herbert, W. Amaryllis reticulata. β. striatifolia Griffin's netted-veined Amaryllis. Coburgia. Herbert. Curtis's Botanical Magazine. 1819, 47: T. 2113 1–6 [2019-02-14]. （原始內容存檔於2018-11-16）. 
• Herbert, W. On the culture of the Guernsey Lily, and other bulbs of the genera Nerine, Coburgia and Brunsvigia, heretofore united under Amaryllis. Trans. Hortic. Soc. Lond. 4 April 1820, 4: 176–184 [2019-02-14]. （原始內容存檔於2019-02-14）. 
• Herbert, William. Amaryllidaceae: Preceded by an Attempt to Arrange the Monocotyledonous Orders, and Followed by a Treatise on Cross-bred Vegetables, and Supplement. London: Ridgway. 1837. 
• Baker, J.G. Trimen, Henry , 編. An enumeration and classification of the species of Hippeastrum. Journal of Botany, British and Foreign. 1878, 16: 79–85 [1 April 2014]. 
• Baker, John Gilbert. Hippeastrum. Handbook of the Amaryllideæ including the Alstrœmerieæ and Agaveæ. London: Bell. 1888: 41 [31 March 2014]. （原始內容存檔於2019-12-18）. 
• Link, Johann Heinrich Friedrich. Handbuch zur Erkennung der nutzbarsten und am häufigsten vorkommenden Gewächse. Berlin: Haude und Spener. 1829 [5 February 2015]. （原始內容存檔於2020-06-11）.  Digital edition by the University and State Library Düsseldorf
• Miller, Philip. Amaryllideae. Miller's dictionary of gardening, botany, and agriculture; revised. Oxford University. 1834. 
• Rafinesque, C. S. The Synoptical Flora Telluriana, With new Natural Classes, Orders and families: containing the 2000 New or revised Genera and Species of Trees, Palms, Shrubs, Vines, Plants, Lilies, Grasses, Ferns, Algas, Fungi, & c. from North and South America, Polynesia, Australia, Asia Europe and Africa, omitted or mistaken by the authors, that were observed or ascertained, described or revised, collected or figured, between 1796 and 1836 (4 vols.). Philadelphia: H. Probasco. 1838 [1836] [2019-02-14]. （原始內容存檔於2021-03-08）. 
• Salisbury, Richard Anthony; Gray, J. E. The Genera of Plants (Unpublished fragment). 1866 [26 October 2014]. 
• Bentham, G.; J.D. Hooker. Hippeastrum. Genera plantarum ad exemplaria imprimis in herbariis kewensibus servata definita. Vol III Part II. London: L Reeve & Co. 1883: 713 [24 January 2014]. （原始內容存檔於2014-02-25）. 
• Rusby, Henry Hurd. Descriptions of New Genera and Species of Plants Collected on the Mulford Biologial Exploration of the Amazon Valley, 1921–1922. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden. March 1927, 7: 205–387 [16 May 2015]. （原始內容存檔於2018-09-12）. 
• Read, Veronica A., Hippeastrum: the gardener's amaryllis, Portland OR: Timber Press, 2004, ISBN 978-0-88192-639-2 
• Traub, H.P. The Amaryllis Manual. New York: Macmillan. 1958 [2019-02-14]. （原始內容存檔於2015-05-19）. 
• Worsley, Arthington. The Genus Hippeastrum: A Monograph …. Nabu Press. 2012. ISBN 978-1-277-39963-9.  originally published 1896
• Jamil, Khalid. Hippeastrum: Technique of Bulb and Flower Production. LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. 2011. ISBN 978-3-8454-2259-6. 

期刊論文

• Andrade, Jean Paulo de; Berkov, Strahil; Viladomat, Francesc; Codina, Carles; Zuanazzi, José Angelo S.; Bastida, Jaume. Alkaloids from Hippeastrum papilio. Molecules. 2011, 16 (12): 7097–7104. PMID 21852767. doi:10.3390/molecules16087097. 
• Andrade, Jean Paulo de; Belén Pigni, Natalia; Torras-Claveria, Laura; Guo, Ying; Berkov, Strahil; Reyes-Chilpa, Ricardo; El Amrani, Abdelaziz; Zuanazzi, José Angelo S.; Codina, Carles; Viladomat, Francesc; Bastida, Jaume. Alkaloids from the Hippeastrum genus: chemistry and biological activity. Rev. Latinoamer. Quím. 2012, 40 (2): 83–98. 
• Dutilh, Julie HA. Ornamental Bulbous Plants of Brazil (PDF). Acta Hort. 2005, (683): 3742 [2019-02-14]. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2016-02-07）. 
• Dyer, R. A. The Cape Belladonna Lily. Taxon. 1954, 3 (2): 72–74. JSTOR 1217368. doi:10.2307/1217368. 
• Ephrath, J.E.; Ben-Asher, J.; Baruchin, F.; Alekperov, C.; Dayan, C.; Silberbush, M. Various Cutting Methods For the Propagation of Hippeastrum Bulbs. Biotronics. 2001, 30: 75–83 [2019-02-14]. （原始內容存檔於2016-03-04）. 
• Fellers, J.D. Progeny of Hippeastrum papilio. Herbertia. 1998, 53: 129–144 [2 December 2013]. （原始內容存檔於3 December 2013）. 
• Flavia Schurmann Da Silva, A.; de Andrade, Jean Paulo; Bevilaqua, Lia R.M.; De Souza, Marcia Maria; Izquierdo, Ivan; Teresinha Henriques, Amélia; Silveira Zuanazzi, José Angelo. Anxiolytic-, antidepressant- and anticonvulsant-like effects of the alkaloid montanine isolated from Hippeastrum vittatum. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior. 2006, 85 (1): 148–154 [2019-02-14]. PMID 16950504. doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2006.07.027. （原始內容存檔於2013-12-02）. 
• García, Nicolás; Meerow, Alan W.; Soltis, Douglas E.; Soltis, Pamela S. Testing Deep Reticulate Evolution in Amaryllidaceae Tribe Hippeastreae (Asparagales) with ITS and Chloroplast Sequence Data. Systematic Botany. 1 March 2014, 39 (1): 75–89. doi:10.1600/036364414X678099. 
• Garbari, F.; Greuter, W. On the Taxonomy and Typification of Muscari Miller (Liliaceae) and Allied Genera, and on the Typification of Generic Names. Taxon. 1970, 19 (3): 329–335. JSTOR 1219056. doi:10.2307/1219056. 
• Herbert, William. An Appendix: Preliminary Treatise (pp. 1–14) and A Treatise &c. (pp. 15–52). The Botanical Register. 1821, 7 [2019-02-14]. （原始內容存檔於2018-10-27）.  For references to Hippeastrum, see p. 7ff. and 31-4; for detailed descriptions of Hippeastrum splendens, see pp. 52–3.
• Hertogh, A.A. De; Gallitano, L.B. Influence of bulb packing systems on forcing of Dutch-grown Hippeastrum (Amaryllis) as flowering potted plants in North America. HortTechnology. 1998, 8 (2 (April–June)): 175–179 [16 May 2015]. 
• Holmes, Walter C. Hippeastrum. vol. 26: 55. [2019-02-14]. （原始內容存檔於2016-03-04）. , in FNA (2008)
• Meerow, Alan W.; Van Scheepen, Johan; Dutilh, Julie H.A. Transfers from Amaryllis to Hippeastrum (Amaryllidaceae). Taxon. 1997, 46 (1): 15–19. JSTOR 1224287. doi:10.2307/1224287. 
• Meerow, Alan W.; Guy, Charles L.; Li, Qin-Bao; Yang, Si-Lin. Phylogeny of the American Amaryllidaceae Based on nrDNA ITS Sequences. Systematic Botany. October 2000, 25 (4): 708–726 [2019-02-14]. JSTOR 2666729. doi:10.2307/2666729. （原始內容存檔於2016-03-04）. 
• Meerow, Alan W. Tilting at windmills: 20 years of Hippeastrum breeding. Israel Journal of Plant Sciences. 2009, 57 (4): 303–313 [2019-02-14]. doi:10.1560/IJPS.57.4.303. （原始內容存檔於2019-02-14）. 
• Oliveira, Renata Souza de; Semir, João; Dutilh, Julie Henriette Antoinette. Four new endemic species of Hippeastrum (Amaryllidaceae) from Serra da Canastra, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Phytotaxa. 11 November 2013, 145 (1): 38. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.145.1.4. 
• Sealy, J.R. Amaryllis and Hippeastrum. Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information (Royal Gardens, Kew). 1939, 1939 (2): 49–68. JSTOR 10.2307/4111685. doi:10.2307/4111685.  For discussion on the status of Leopoldia, see p. 65.
• Veitch, Harry. The Hippeastrum (Amaryllis). Journal of the Royal Horticultural Society. 11 March 1890, 12: 243–260 [25 December 2014]. 
• Tjaden, W. L. Amaryllis belladonna and the Guernsey lily: an overlooked clue. Journal of the Society for the Bibliography of Natural History. November 1979, 9 (3): 251–256. doi:10.3366/jsbnh.1979.9.3.251. 
• Tombolato, Antonio F.C.; Julie H.A. Dutilh; Wilson Barbosa; Renato F.A. Veiga; Thiago N. Lucon. Brazilian descriptor for Hippeastrum hybrids. 3rd Global Botanic Gardens Congress. [4 April 2014]. 
• Traub, Hamilton P. "Leopoldia Herb. 1821" Invalidly Published. Taxon. February 1959, 8 (2): 67–70. JSTOR 1216035. doi:10.2307/1216035. 
• Vijverberg, A.J. (編). De teelt van Hippeastrum (Amaryllis) [The production of Hippeastrum (Amaryllis)]. Proefstation Voor Tuinbouw Onder Glas Te Naaldwijk. August 1980, 17 [25 April 2016]. （原始內容存檔於2020-10-26） （荷蘭語）. 

網站

• Beaumont, Pauline. Pests. Hippeastrum.com.au. 2015 [25 April 2016]. （原始內容存檔於2017-02-15）. 
• Don, Monty. Their huge flower trumpets are usually associated with the festive season, but plant the bulbs now and you can enjoy amaryllis in spring. Daily Mail. 4 January 2013 [13 March 2016]. （原始內容存檔於2016-03-14）. 
• Carter, Kathie. Amaryllis (PDF). University of California Cooperative Extension. 2010 [13 March 2016]. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2020-09-15）. 
• Constantin, Cornelia. Hippeastrum incantator in fiecare casa (Delightful Hippeastrum in every home). Gradini.ro. 14 December 2007 [27 March 2014]. （原始內容存檔於2016-03-05） （羅馬尼亞語）. 
• Reid, Duane. Amaryllis: Year-round care. Rochester Gardening. 1997 [27 March 2014]. （原始內容存檔於2020-11-11）. 
• Johansson, Christer. Hippeastrum. Wiki.Plantae.se. 2014 [31 March 2014]. （原始內容存檔於2016-03-03） （瑞典語）. 
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• Vigneron, Pascal. Amaryllidaceae. Amaryllidaceae.org. 2008 [2 April 2014]. （原始內容存檔於2012-10-10） （法語）. 
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• Kew: RBG. Hippeastrum Care. Spring Bulbs. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 2012 [16 May 2015]. （原始內容存檔於9 May 2012）. 
• Brown, Sydney Park; Black, Robert J. Amaryllis (Cir-1243) (PDF). Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences. Environmental Horticulture Department, University of Florida Extension. 2014 [16 May 2015]. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2021-02-04）. 
• Pertuit, A.J. Understanding and Producing Amaryllis (Hort. L 63) (PDF). Clemson University. August 1995 [16 May 2015]. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2016-10-20）. 
• De Hertogh, A. A. Home Forcing of Potted Amaryllis (Hippeastrum) (8529). Horticulture Information Leaflet 8529. Department of Horticultural Science, North Carolina State University. June 1998 [17 May 2015]. （原始內容存檔於2014-12-17）. 
• Pictures of Hippeastrum species (South America). [2019-02-14]. （原始內容存檔於2020-10-14）. 
• Meerow, Alan. Amaryllis and Alstroemeria: Old Crops, New Potential (PDF). University of Florida: Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences. Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center. 1999 [18 January 2016]. （原始內容 (PDF)存檔於2 December 2012）. 
• IBS. International Bulb Society. International Bulb Society. 2014. （原始內容存檔於17 December 2014）. 
• Flora of North America. eFloras. 2008 [14 March 2016]. （原始內容存檔於2010-10-28）. 
• Infojardin. 2015 [7 June 2016]. （原始內容存檔於2021-03-14） （西班牙語）. 
• Hippeastrum (Group). Gardening Help: Plant Finder. Missouri Botanical Garden. [9 June 2016]. （原始內容存檔於2021-01-17）. 

數據庫

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• List of Species of the Brazilian Flora. Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden. 2010. （原始內容存檔於2014-03-26）.  (Search for Hippeastrum)
• Zuloaga, Fernando O.; Morrone, Osvaldo; Belgrano, Manuel J. (編). Hippeastrum. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares del Cono Sur: (Argentina, Sur de Brasil, Chile, Paraguay y Uruguay) (Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 107). St. Louis, Mo.: Missouri Botanical Garden. 2008 [2019-02-14]. ISBN 978-1-930723-70-2. （原始內容存檔於2020-07-14）. 
• Maia, Leonor Costa. Lista de Espécies da Flora do Brasil. INCT – Herbário Virtual da Flora e dos Fungos. Recife: Institutos Nacionais de Ciência e Teconologia. 2016 [2 May 2016]. （原始內容存檔於2020-10-21）. 
• Tropicos. Missouri Botanical Garden. 2015 [30 December 2015]. （原始內容存檔於2016-04-10）. 
• WCSP. World Checklist of Selected Plant Families: Hippeastrum. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 2015 [15 February 2016]. 
• RBG Kew. Kew Glossary. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 2013. （原始內容存檔於5 December 2013）. 
• Stevens, P.F. Asparagales: Amaryllidoideae. Angiosperm Phylogeny Website version 13. Missouri Botanical Garden. 2016 [2001] [6 February 2016]. （原始內容存檔於2008-09-28）.