格陵蘭板塊
格陵蘭板塊是一個假定的構造板塊,西側的內爾斯海峽可能是轉換斷層;西南邊是戴維斯海峽下的昂加瓦轉換斷層;東南是大西洋洋中脊;[1]東北是加科爾山脊,仍在張裂中。[2]格陵蘭克拉通的岩石有一部分由地球上最老的岩石組成。格陵蘭西南部的伊蘇阿綠岩帶包含地球上已知最老的岩石,有37–38億年歷史。[3]:27–49
格陵蘭的前寒武紀 基底形成了勞亞地盾的基礎部分,是北美洲板塊的核心。格陵蘭板塊從北美洲板塊分兩個張裂階段形成。第一個發生於白堊紀,形成了巴芬灣。巴芬灣是加拿大北極裂谷系統的西北端,在140 Ma的早白堊世開始擴張。[4]:169–209拉布拉多海則在69 Ma的馬斯特里赫特期開始擴張[5],但海底擴張在30–35 Ma的漸新世已經停止了。[6]:223–254人們期待能在加拿大和格陵蘭間找到構造對應,[7]但格陵蘭和加拿大的張裂前對應仍不能精確了解。[8]
北大西洋–拉布拉多海張裂閉合後,格陵蘭板塊就大致和北美洲板塊一起運動了。因此格陵蘭板塊究竟是否獨立存在爭議。[9]:179–196[10]:125格陵蘭和巴芬島之間的地區卻仍有活躍的地震,以1933年巴芬灣7.3級地震為首的諸多地震震中都在這片地區。截至2009年,科學家們仍不能將地震與特定的地質結構或地球物理異常聯繫起來。有種說法認為地震可能與冰後回彈有關。[11]:538–540[12]:724–736
另見
編輯參考
編輯- ^ BAFFIN BAY (PDF). Indian and Northern Affairs Canada. [2009-10-04]. (原始內容 (PDF)存檔於2011-06-13).
- ^ Denmark hopes to claim North Pole (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館) BBC News, 5 October 2004. Accessed 10 November 2006.
- ^ Appel Peter W.U., Rollinson Hugh R., Touret Jacques L.R. Remnants of an Early Archaean (>3.75 Ga) sea-floor, hydrothermal system in the Isua Greenstone Belt. Precambrian Research. 2001, 112. doi:10.1016/s0301-9268(01)00169-3.
- ^ Le Pichon, X., Sibuet, J. C. & Francheteau, J. The fit of the continents around the North Atlantic Ocean. Tectonophysics. 1977-03-23, 38–3/4.
- ^ Roest, W.R.; Srivastava, S.P. Sea-floor spreading in the Labrador Sea: a new reconstruction. Geology. 1989, 17. doi:10.1130/0091-7613(1989)017<1000:sfsitl>2.3.co;2.:1000–1003
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- ^ Hoffman, P.F. 1989: Precambrian geology and tectonic history of North America. In: Bally, A.W. & Palmer, A.R. (eds): The geology of North America, 447–512. Boulder,Colorado: Geological Society of America.
- ^ Niels Henriksen; A.K. Higgins; Feiko Kalsbeek; T. Christopher R. Pulvertaft. Greenland from Archaean to Quaternary (PDF) (185). Greenland Survey Bulletin. 2000 [2009-10-04]. (原始內容 (PDF)存檔於2008-12-07).
- ^ Chadwick, B. & Garde, A.A. 1996: Palaeoproterozoic oblique plate convergence in South Greenland: a reappraisal of the Ketilidian Orogen. In: Brewer, T.S. (ed.): Precambrian crustal evolution in the North Atlantic region. Geological Society Special Publication (London) 112
- ^ Peter A. Ziegler (1990) Geological atlas of Western and Central Europe. London. Geological Society.ISBN 978-90-6644-125-5
- ^ Stein, S., Sleep, N.H., Geller, R.J., Wang, S.-C. & Kroeger, G.C. Earthquakes along the passive margin of eastern Canada. Geophysical Research Letters (Geophys. Res. Lett.). 1979, 6. doi:10.1029/gl006i007p00537.
- ^ Allison L. Bent. The 1933 Ms=7.3 Baffin Bay earthquake: strike-slip faulting along the northeastern Canadian passive margin (PDF). Geophysical Journal International (Geophys. J. Int.). 2002-03-18, 150. doi:10.1046/j.1365-246x.2002.01722.x . (原始內容 (PDF)存檔於2011-07-21).