門口效應
一种心理效应
門口效應(英語:doorway effect)是一種心理效應,表現為在穿過門或者從一個地方移動到另一個地方時發生的短期記憶喪失現象。[1][2]例如,一個人走過門後,就忘記了自己要做什麼。[3]研究表明,這種效應存在於實際邊界上(例如穿過門後就忘記自己要做什麼),也存在於抽象邊界中(例如在電腦中從一個窗口移動到另外一個窗口)。[2]
記憶是按情景記憶的方式,圍繞特定事件或情節組織起來的。[4] 在情景記憶的組織方法下,記憶接受和存儲事件具有明確時間和地點關係的信息。[5]大量研究表明,外部情景在記憶分離的過程中起到了重要的作用,有助於區分記憶中的不同事件。[6][7][8]相較於在其他壞境的記憶,我們的大腦更容易提取在目前環境的記憶。因而,當我們移動到不同地方時,就容易發生門口效應。[9]
參考資料
編輯- ^ Radvansky, Gabriel A.; Tamplin, Andrea K.; Krawietz, Sabine A. Walking through doorways causes forgetting: Environmental integration. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review. 2010-12-01, 17 (6): 900–904. ISSN 1531-5320. PMID 21169587. S2CID 30130697. doi:10.3758/PBR.17.6.900 (英語).
- ^ 2.0 2.1 McFadyen, Jessica; Nolan, Christopher; Pinocy, Ellen; Buteri, David; Baumann, Oliver. Doorways do not always cause forgetting: a multimodal investigation. BMC Psychology. 2021-03-08, 9 (1): 41. ISSN 2050-7283. PMC 7938580 . PMID 33685514. doi:10.1186/s40359-021-00536-3 .
- ^ Stafford, Tom. Why does walking through doorways make us forget?. www.bbc.com. [2022-02-13] (英語).
- ^ Conway, M. A.; Pleydell-Pearce, C. W. The construction of autobiographical memories in the self-memory system. Psychological Review. 2000, 107 (2): 261–288 [2022-02-13]. PMID 10789197. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.107.2.261.
- ^ Tulving, Endel. Elements of Episodic Memory. Oxford University Press. 1983.
- ^ Eacott, Madeline J.; Norman, Gillian. Integrated Memory for Object, Place, and Context in Rats: A Possible Model of Episodic-Like Memory?. Journal of Neuroscience. 2004-02-25, 24 (8): 1948–1953. ISSN 0270-6474. PMC 6730393 . PMID 14985436. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2975-03.2004 (英語).
- ^ Bauer, Patricia J.; Doydum, Ayzit O.; Pathman, Thanujeni; Larkina, Marina; Güler, O. Evren; Burch, Melissa. It's all about location, location, location: Children's memory for the "where" of personally experienced events. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology. 2012-12-01, 113 (4): 510–522. ISSN 0022-0965. PMC 3478447 . PMID 23010356. doi:10.1016/j.jecp.2012.06.007 (英語).
- ^ Pettijohn, Kyle A.; Radvansky, Gabriel A. Walking through doorways causes forgetting: Event structure or updating disruption?. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology. November 2016, 69 (11): 2119–2129. ISSN 1747-0218. PMID 26556012. S2CID 5921887. doi:10.1080/17470218.2015.1101478.
- ^ Seel, Sabrina V.; Easton, Alexander; McGregor, Anthony; Buckley, Matthew G.; Eacott, Madeline J. Walking through doorways differentially affects recall and familiarity. British Journal of Psychology. 2019, 110 (1): 173–184. ISSN 2044-8295. PMID 30221342. S2CID 52280145. doi:10.1111/bjop.12343 . hdl:2086/16495 (英語).