2022年扎姆法拉大屠殺
2022年1月4日至6日,尼日利亞扎姆法拉州土匪殺害了超過200人,[1]為尼日利亞近代史上死傷最嚴重的恐怖襲擊。[2]
背景
編輯尼日利亞匪患始於2011年,與農牧民衝突和博科聖地叛亂有關,至今已導致上千人遇害。土匪團伙襲擊西北各州,大規模綁架乃至屠殺居民。僅在扎姆法拉州,2021年2月便有279名中學女生遭綁架,6月在朱爾米又有50餘村民遭屠殺。[3]
襲擊發生前,政府軍在1月3日發動空襲,擊斃100名土匪,摧毀多處基地;土匪因而進入扎姆法拉州展開報復。[4]幾天後,尼日利亞政府認定這些匪徒為恐怖分子。[5]
屠殺
編輯襲擊發生前不久,土匪試圖劫掠一個有3,000頭牛的牛群,卻遇到了當地義警。雙方發生槍戰,義警戰敗,多人遇害。土匪隨即開始屠殺村民。[6][7]
1月4日下午12時45分左右,約300-500名土匪槍手乘摩托車進入庫法爾丹亞鎮(Kurfar Danya),[8]由此展開對安卡和布庫尤姆地方政府區的系列劫案。[9][1][10]匪幫射殺村民,搶劫房屋後將其付之一炬。[11]土匪連續兩天圍攻庫爾法鎮(Kurfa)和拉芬-格羅鎮(Rafin-Gero),未遭政府阻撓。[12][10]土匪先後摧毀五個定居點。[13]一名倖存者說土匪「見人就開槍」。[14]
1月6日,政府部隊截擊土匪,結束屠殺。[15][10]土匪頭子貝洛·圖爾吉(Bello Turji)被控對大屠殺負責。[16][17][18][19]
已確認的遇襲定居點
受害者
編輯扎姆法拉州當局稱有58人死亡,備受爭議。[26][27]一些難民認為有154人遇害。[14]人道主義事務部長薩迪亞·奧馬爾·法魯克的發言人稱有200多具屍體下葬,[1]當地居民同意該說法。[28]著名反匪民團領袖甘博·阿巴雷(Gambo Abare)在系列襲擊中遇害。[16][29]
後果
編輯匪幫焚毀五個定居點,超過一萬人流離失所,[13][1]多人至今下落不明。[30]土匪盜走大量資源,包括約2,000頭牛。[31][32]尼日利亞當局抵達受害地區,協助組織集體葬禮。[14]救援工作仍在進行中。[33]
反應
編輯尼日利亞
編輯1月8日,尼日利亞總統穆罕默杜·布哈里譴責本次襲擊,稱尼日利亞將爭取鎮壓該國的恐怖主義。[34][14]前聯邦政府書記安伊姆·皮烏斯·安伊姆對殺戮事件感到難過,譴責肇事者「破壞生命和財產」。[35]
安卡埃米爾Alhaji Attahir Ahmad和布庫尤姆埃米爾Alhaji Muhammad Usman加強了地區安防。扎姆法拉州長貝洛·馬塔瓦勒立即訪問受害地區,與倖存者及家屬會面交談。他批評媒體據報誇大傷亡人數,稱媒體「大相逕庭地引用近期逃亡土匪襲擊的可怕死亡數字」。[36]
全體進步大會黨譴責這一事件,支持尼日利亞武裝部隊追查肇事者。全國代理委員會書記約翰·詹姆斯·阿克潘·烏多-埃德赫代表黨「向失去親人的家庭表示衷心哀悼,並向扎姆法拉州政府和人民表示同情」。[37][38]
尼日利亞勞工大會譴責大屠殺以及土匪的「邪惡和不人道」。[39]
前尼日利亞航空部部長費米·法尼-卡約德提議以地毯式轟炸防止屠殺,並指出軍方剛獲得一批「超級巨嘴鳥」攻擊機。[40]卡杜納州州長納西爾·艾哈邁德·埃爾-魯法伊也表示支持。[41]
他們在索科托殺人,你把軍隊調到那兒,把他們趕出去,他們就跑到凱比。如果他們在凱比挨了炸,就接着跑到卡杜納。應該從天上炸、從地上炸、聯合地面部隊同時在全西北部五六個州以及尼日爾轟炸他們。在我看來,這個問題可以在幾周內解決。我相信現在的不安全程度已經到了臨界點,必須付出一些代價。我希望一勞永逸地結束這場匪亂。這是個問題。[42] ——納西爾·艾哈邁德·埃爾-魯法伊
國際
編輯土耳其外交部聲稱「據悉扎姆法拉州多起襲擊造成逾百人喪生,對此表示萬分悲痛。」[43][44]
聯合國秘書長安東尼奧·古特雷斯對這一事件表示強烈譴責,支持尼日利亞的反恐行動,告訴尼日利亞當局"不遺餘力地將這些令人髮指的罪魁禍首繩之以法"。[45]古特雷斯重申了聯合國對該國的聲援。[46][47][48]
António Guterres | |
---|---|
@antonioguterres |
I strongly condemn the appalling attacks perpetrated over the weekend in Nigeria’s Zamfara State in which many civilians were killed. I urge the Nigerian authorities to spare no effort in bringing those responsible for these heinous crimes to justice.
尼日利亞扎姆法拉州周末發生了駭人聽聞的襲擊事件,許多平民遇害,對此我強烈譴責。我敦促尼日利亞當局不遺餘力將這些令人髮指的罪魁禍首繩之以法。
2022-01-10[49]
參考
編輯- ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 At least 200 dead in bandit attacks in northwest Nigeria. Al Jazeera. [2022-01-09]. (原始內容存檔於2022-01-09).
- ^ Egbas, Jude. Terrorists kill more than 200 in Zamfara, Buhari fumes. Pulse Nigeria. 2022-01-08 [2022-01-10]. (原始內容存檔於2022-01-09).
- ^ Hundreds killed in multiple gun raids in northwestern Nigeria. France 24. 2022-01-09 [2022-01-10]. (原始內容存檔於2022-01-09).
- ^ Reprisal Attacks in Nigeria's Zamfara State Kill 200 Civilians. Democracy Now!. [2022-01-10]. (原始內容存檔於2022-01-10).
- ^ At least 200 villagers killed by bandits in north-west Nigeria. the Guardian. 2022-01-09 [2022-01-09]. (原始內容存檔於2022-01-09).
- ^ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 How Zamfara terrorists invaded our villages, killed over 200, burnt houses –Survivors. Punch Newspapers. 2022-01-08 [2022-01-10]. (原始內容存檔於2022-01-09).
- ^ Bloodbath in Zamfara villages as bandits kill 200, scores missing. Punch Newspapers. 2022-01-07 [2022-01-10]. (原始內容存檔於2022-01-10).
- ^ Reporters, Our Correspondent Our. Banditry: Over 10,000 victims rendered homeless in Zamfara – FG. New Telegraph. [2022-01-10]. (原始內容存檔於2022-01-10).
- ^ Death toll in attacks in Nigeria's Zamfara state around 200 - residents. National Post. 2022-01-08 [2022-01-10]. (原始內容存檔於2024-05-23).
- ^ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 Reuters. Armed bandits kill at least 30 in Nigeria's Zamfara state. Reuters. 2022-01-08 [2022-01-10]. (原始內容存檔於2022-01-09).
- ^ More Than 100 Killed in Attack in Nigeria's North, Reports Say. VOA. [2022-01-09]. (原始內容存檔於2022-01-09).
- ^ Armed Bandits Kill at Least 30 in Nigeria's Zamfara State. US News. 2022-01-07 [2022-01-10]. (原始內容存檔於2022-01-10).
- ^ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 Bandits burn down five Zamfara communities, kill many people. Premium Times. 2022-01-06 [2022-01-09]. (原始內容存檔於2022-01-07).
- ^ 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 Nigeria's president condemns killings in Zamfara state. Deutsche Welle. [2022-01-09]. (原始內容存檔於2022-01-10).
- ^ Authorities: Death Toll Surpass 200 in Attacks in Nigeria's North. VOA. [2022-01-10]. (原始內容存檔於2022-01-09).
- ^ 16.0 16.1 16.2 Zamfara Attacks: Over 50 dead bodies found as residents panic over rumour of Turji's relocation. 2022-01-07 [2022-01-09]. (原始內容存檔於2022-01-07).
- ^ Endless massacres by Islamists in Nigeria: Boko, ISIS, Turji loyalists, Fulani, and others | Modern Tokyo Times. 2022-01-10 [2022-01-10]. (原始內容存檔於2022-01-10).
- ^ Gabriel, John. Zamfara killings: You'll never know peace – University don curses bandits, sponsors. Daily Post Nigeria. 2022-01-09 [2022-01-10]. (原始內容存檔於2022-01-09).
- ^ 19.0 19.1 Lives valueless under Buhari's govt – Kingsley Moghalu - P.M. News. P.M. News. [2022-01-10]. (原始內容存檔於2022-01-09).
- ^ Bandits dare Nigerian military, return to Zamfara to massacre 218 civilians. Peoples Gazette. 2022-01-08 [2022-01-10]. (原始內容存檔於2022-01-10).
- ^ 21.0 21.1 21.2 editing. Bandits Attack Five Zamfara Communities, Kill Many Residents. Sahara Reporters. 2022-01-06 [2022-01-10]. (原始內容存檔於2022-01-09).
- ^ Reporters, Our Correspondent Our. Buhari: Zamfara massacre, act of desperation by mass murderer. New Telegraph. [2022-01-10]. (原始內容存檔於2022-01-09).
- ^ Más de 200 muertos en ataques de bandidos en Nigeria. abc. 2022-01-08 [2022-01-10]. (原始內容存檔於2022-01-08) (西班牙語).
- ^ Edokwe, Bridget. Over 200 Residents Buried As Bandits Raze Zamfara Communities In Fresh Attacks. BarristerNG.com. 2022-01-08 [2022-01-10]. (原始內容存檔於2022-01-10).
- ^ Brown, Tamsin. Hundreds killed in vicious bandit attacks on Nigerian villages. EuroWeekly News. 2022-01-09 [2022-01-10]. (原始內容存檔於2022-01-09).
- ^ Nigerian locals, authorities give varying attack death tolls. CBS17. 2022-01-09 [2022-01-10]. (原始內容存檔於2022-01-10).
- ^ CNN, Story by Reuters and Nimi Princewill. Scores killed in northwest Nigeria during reprisal attacks by armed bandits. CNN. [2022-01-10]. (原始內容存檔於2022-01-10).
- ^ About 200 Dead in Attacks in Northwest Nigeria, Residents Say. US News. 2022-01-08 [2022-01-10]. (原始內容存檔於2022-01-10).
- ^ Insecurity: Round-up Of Northwest Nigeria's Week Of Mixed Fortunes. HumAngle Media. 2022-01-08 [2022-01-10]. (原始內容存檔於2022-01-11).
- ^ AfricaNews. Nigeria: bandits attacks kill at least 200, displacing thousands. Africanews. 2022-01-10 [2022-01-10]. (原始內容存檔於2022-01-10).
- ^ Nigeria motorbike gang attack: Death toll rises to 200. BBC News. 2022-01-09 [2022-01-10]. (原始內容存檔於2022-01-09).
- ^ Nigeria: Armed assailants kill up to 200 civilians in attacks in Zamfara State Jan. 5-6. GardaWorld. [2022-01-10]. (原始內容存檔於2022-01-10).
- ^ AFP. Nigeria attacks leave 200 dead, thousands displaced. DAWN.COM. 2022-01-10 [2022-01-10]. (原始內容存檔於2022-01-10).
- ^ Buhari condemns massacre of about 200 villagers in Zamfara. 2022-01-09 [2022-01-09]. (原始內容存檔於2022-01-09).
- ^ Zamfara killings: Anyim mourns, says people should not live in fear in their own home. Punch Newspapers. 2022-01-09 [2022-01-10]. (原始內容存檔於2022-01-10).
- ^ Killings: Zamfara emirs cry for help, Buhari vows to crush terrorists. Punch Newspapers. 2022-01-09 [2022-01-09]. (原始內容存檔於2022-01-09).
- ^ Defeated bandits running from military onslaught in Zamfara, APC says. Peoples Gazette. 2022-01-10 [2022-01-10]. (原始內容存檔於2022-01-10).
- ^ Killings in Zamfara won't go unpunished, says APC. TheCable. 2022-01-10 [2022-01-10]. (原始內容存檔於2022-01-10).
- ^ NLC condemns recent massacre in Zamfara. The Sun (Nigeria). 2022-01-10 [2022-01-10]. (原始內容存檔於2022-01-10).
- ^ Silas, Don. Zamfara massacre: Time to consider use of American Tucano jets – Fani-Kayode. Daily Post Nigeria. 2022-01-09 [2022-01-09]. (原始內容存檔於2022-01-09).
- ^ BANDITS: El-Rufai's call for carpet-bombing raises dust. Vanguard News. 2022-01-09 [2022-01-09]. (原始內容存檔於2022-01-09).
- ^ Carpet-Bombing: The collateral damage 'll be enormous — Pundit tells El-Rufai. Vanguard News. 2022-01-08 [2022-01-09]. (原始內容存檔於2022-01-09).
- ^ Turkey condemns 'heinous' attacks in northwestern Nigeria. Anadolu Agency. [2022-01-10]. (原始內容存檔於2022-01-11).
- ^ Dışişleri Bakanlığı'ndan Nijerya'daki saldırıya kınama. TGRT Haber. [2022-01-10]. (原始內容存檔於2022-01-10) (土耳其語).
- ^ UN chief condemns 'appalling' attacks in Nigeria. Saudi Gazetteglish. 2022-01-11 [2022-01-11]. (原始內容存檔於2022-01-11).
- ^ Zamfara Attacks: UN scribe condemns killings, urges FG to arrest perpetrators. Premium Times. 2022-01-11 [2022-01-11]. (原始內容存檔於2022-01-11).
- ^ Zamfara: UN chief Guterres condemns massacre of over 200 people by bandits. Peoples Gazette. 2022-01-10 [2022-01-11]. (原始內容存檔於2022-01-10).
- ^ Scores of civilians dead, UN chief condemns 'appalling' attacks in Nigeria. UN News. 2022-01-10 [2022-01-11]. (原始內容存檔於2022-01-11).
- ^ António Guterres [@antonioguterres]. I strongly condemn the appalling attacks perpetrated over the weekend in Nigeria’s Zamfara State in which many civilians were killed. I urge the Nigerian authorities to spare no effort in bringing those responsible for these heinous crimes to justice. (推文). 2022-01-10 –透過Twitter.