維基百科

Rev響應元件

人類免疫缺乏病毒的Rev響應元件（英語：Rev response element，RRE）是一個高度結構化的長約350核苷酸的RNA片段，位於病毒基因Env的蛋白編碼區內部。在HIV-1的輔助蛋白Rev存在的情況下，帶有RRE的HIV-1mRNA會從細胞核輸出到細胞質中，參與進一步的翻譯與病毒包裝[1][2]。

RRE在HIV-1基因組中的位置：位於Env基因內部

在人類免疫缺乏病毒中的功能

編輯
 
HIV-1 RNA的出核過程：在早期（圖上部）轉錄產生的9kb RNA會剪切為 2kb RNA再運輸出核。其中一個2kb RNA會翻譯為 Rev 蛋白，再重新輸入回核內。在晚期（圖下部） Rev 蛋白會結合在新轉錄生成 9kb RNA或剪切出的4kb RNA的 RRE區域上，並幫助其輸出到細胞質。這些RNA會翻譯為HIV的晚期蛋白質，其中9kb RNA會包裝為新的病毒。

早期

編輯

HIV-1病毒基因組包括單個啟動子和多個開放閱讀框，並可以通過前mRNA的可變剪切編碼15種蛋白質[3]。整合到宿主基因組中的HIV-1原病毒會轉錄一個長9kb 的前mRNA（pre-mRNA）帶有多個剪切位點和核滯留信號。在病毒循環的早期，這一前mRNA會完全剪切為不帶Rev響應元件的2kb片段。這些片段能通過標準的mRNA出核途徑運出細胞核進入細胞質[4]（見右圖上部），這些2kb小mRNA中的一個能編碼HIV-1的Rev蛋白，Rev蛋白再通過其核定位信號再進入細胞核。這一期也被稱為病毒循環的Rev/RRE不依賴期[2]。

晚期

編輯

在病毒循環的晚期，Rev 蛋白會進入細胞核並結合在新轉錄生成 9kb 病毒RNA（未經剪接）或4kb RNA（經過剪接）的 RRE區域上（見右圖下部），並幫助其輸出到細胞質。這些RNA會翻譯為HIV的晚期蛋白質，其中9kb RNA會包裝為新的病毒。

參考文獻

編輯
  1. ^ Cullen, Bryan R. Nuclear mRNA export: Insights from virology. Trends in Biochemical Sciences. 2003, 28 (8): 419–24. PMID 12932730. doi:10.1016/S0968-0004(03)00142-7. 
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  4. ^ Cullen, Bryan R. Human immunodeficiency virus: Nuclear RNA export unwound. Nature. 2005, 433 (7021): 26–7. PMID 15635396. doi:10.1038/433026a. 

延伸閱讀

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外部連結

編輯

取自 "https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rev响应元件&oldid=82882066"